Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Textiles by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

A sensitive and fast method using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was developed for simultaneous determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in functional textile samples. The method under optimized conditions exhibited good linearity with linear correlation coefficients between 0.9930 and 0.9999, with maximum recoveries within 74.0~99.0%, and with relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.89 to 4.94%. Quantitation and detection limits ranged from 1.3 to 12.2 μg/L and 0.4 to 3.8 μg/L, respectively. These values were less than the limits of two relative standards (Oeko-Tex Standard 100 and ZEK 01.2-08). When applied to coated denim fabric and waterproof tarpaulins, results showed that PAH concentrations in waterproof tarpaulins were greater than the limits of the two relative standards.

Detection, Risk Assessment, and Survey of Four Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Markers in Infant Formula Powder

“…In the South America market, the highest concentration of BaP detected was 0.57 μg·kg − 1 in milk powder; the sum of 15 analysed PAHs varied between 11.8 and 78.4 μg·kg − 1 , and the PAH4 was between 0.02 and 10.16 μg·kg − 1 . All the samples were below the regulatory limit for BaP, but 65% of commercial milk powders do not comply with the European Union limit for PAH4 [23]; the results indicated the contamination level of PAHs in the baby food. As for this study, PAH4 showed a relatively low level compared with products in other markets [6,22].…”

“…e extraction of PAHs in infant formula powders includes direct saponification [1,2,23], solvent extraction [22,25,26], and dispersive solid phase extraction, and a simplified version of conventional method named the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction method has been used for the multiresidue analysis. e analytical method for the determination of the US EPA priority pollutant of 16 PAHs in edible oils was developed by an isotope dilution GC-MS method [27], which is a reference for this study, and all parameters are listed in Figure 1.…”

“…As presented in Table 3, the average recovery rate of PAH4 in infant formula was 77.3% to 111.8% and the precision was 4.8% to 14.2%. Li et al analyzed 31 milk powder samples using HPLC with silica cartridges for PAH clean-up; the recoveries were greater than 79% for all PAHs analyzed [23]. e average signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of PAH4 was 47.5 when the formula was spiked with 0.5 μg/kg (n � 6).…”