“…Many studies reported that as governments legalized gambling and substance use as entertainment, they have become public health concerns, especially for the youth ( LaPlante et al, 2009 ; Afifi et al, 2010 ; Abbott, 2017 ; Binde et al, 2017 ; Calado et al, 2017 ; Oksanen et al, 2019 ; Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2019 ; Lelonek-Kuleta et al, 2020 ; Mazar et al, 2020 ). The availability of indoor pool games (IPG; Welte et al, 2009 ; Tariku et al, 2015 ; Mehari and Koye, 2019 ; Anyanwu et al, 2020 ), personal level factors (self-esteem, false perceptions, and drug abuse), social factors (peer influence and modeling), and environmental influences (availability of gambling places and advertisements) has a strong association with gambling ramifications, such as problematic emotional and mental well-being, fragile relationship pattern, economic instability such as indebtedness, loss of savings, and assets ( Tariku et al, 2015 ), and the wastage of time economy revealed in the form of AP for the student population ( Nordby et al, 2019 ; Akinci, 2021 ).…”