Determination of presence of fungicides by their common metabolite, 3,5-DCA, in compost

Vanni, Adriano; Gamberini, Roberta; Calabria, Adelaide; Pellegrino, Vincenzo

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(99)00223-4

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Organic pollutants may also accumulate during composting because of a mass reduction of about 40 to 60% due to mineralization (Gronauer et al, 1997; Schleiss, 2003). Consequently, a large number of compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated dibenzo‐ p ‐dioxins and ‐furans (PCDD/Fs), brominated flame retardants, phthalates, linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS), pesticides, and nonylphenols have been detected in compost derived from source‐separated organic residues (Berset and Holzer, 1995; Ulén, 1997; T⊘rsl⊘v et al, 1997; Hund et al, 1999; Büyüksönmez et al, 2000; Vanni et al, 2000; Zethner et al, 2000; Vergé‐Leviel, 2001; Marb et al, 2003). Note that heavy metals are frequently found in compost (Lisk et al, 1992a; T⊘rsl⊘v et al, 1997; Grossi et al, 1998; Krogmann, 1999; Zethner et al, 2000; Marb et al, 2001, 2003; Hogg et al, 2002; Herter et al, 2003; Amlinger et al, 2004) but are not covered by this report.…”

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confidence: 99%

Persistent Organic Pollutants in Source‐Separated Compost and Its Feedstock Materials—A Review of Field Studies

et al. 2005

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Composting and the application of compost to the soil follow the principle of recycling and sustainability. Compost can also have a positive effect on physical, chemical, and biological soil parameters. However, little is known about the origin, concentration, and transformation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in compost. We therefore compiled literature data on some priority POPs in compost and its main feedstock materials from more than 60 reports. Our data evaluation suggests the following findings. First, median concentrations of Sigma 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), Sigma 6 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and Sigma 17 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and -furans (PCDD/Fs) were higher in green waste (1803, 15.6 microg/kg dry wt., and 2.5 ng international toxicity equivalent [I-TEQ]/kg dry wt.) than in organic household waste (635, 14.6 microg/kg dry wt., and 2.2 ng I-TEQ/kg dry wt.) and kitchen waste (not available [NA], 14.9 microg/kg dry wt., 0.4 ng I-TEQ/kg dry wt.). The POP concentrations in foliage were up to 12 times higher than in other feedstock materials. Second, in contrast, compost from organic household waste and green waste contained similar amounts of Sigma 16 PAHs, Sigma 6 PCBs, and Sigma 17 PCDD/Fs (1915, 39.8 microg/kg dry wt., and 9.5 ng I-TEQ/kg dry wt., and 1715, 30.6 microg/kg dry wt., and 8.5 ng I-TEQ/kg dry wt., respectively). Third, concentrations of three-ring PAHs were reduced during the composting process, whereas five- to six-ring PAHs and Sigma 6 PCBs increased by roughly a factor of two due to mass reduction during composting. Sigma 17 PCDD/Fs had accumulated by up to a factor of 14. Fourth, urban feedstock and compost had higher POP concentrations than rural material. Fifth, the highest concentrations of POPs were usually observed in summer samples. Finally, median compost concentrations of POPs were greater by up to one order of magnitude than in arable soils, as the primary recipients of compost, but were well within the range of many urban soils. In conclusion, this work provides a basis for the further improvement of composting and for future risk assessments of compost application.

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Persistent Organic Pollutants in Source‐Separated Compost and Its Feedstock Materials—A Review of Field Studies

et al. 2005

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“…Samples were extracted with acetonitrile by using the ultrasound technique, according to a method previously optimised [14]. This procedure shows a good efficiency of extraction for all the considered analytes (80-95%), with intervals of uncertainty, expressed as the Relative Standard Deviation (RSD%), of less than 7% for all examined matrices.…”

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confidence: 99%

Occurrence of dicarboximidic fungicides and their metabolites? residues in commercial compost

et al. 2004

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In this work we analysed samples of different commercial composts to verify the presence of metabolites of dicarboximidic fungicides (Iprodione, Procymidone, Vinclozolin and Chlozolinate) widely used in agriculture as botritycides. The commercial compost extracts, obtained by sonication with acetonitrile, were analysed by HPLC-DAD-MS. The detection limits (DL) of the analytical method were appraised for all considered compounds and for both the detectors. The analysis confirmed the presence of fungicide residues (i.e. Iprodione, 48 µg/kg) in three samples of commercial compost and traces of some corresponding metabolites (i.e. Metabolite I of Procymidone, 20 µg/kg) for most examined matrices. These results underline a possible presence of these fungicides and corresponding metabolites in soil, after the addition of compost. dicarboximidic fungicides / metabolites / commercial compost / HPLC-DAD-MS Résumé-Fungicides dicarboximidiques dans le compost commercial. Ce travail comporte l'analyse des métabolites de fongicides dicarboximidiques utilisés comme botritycides (Iprodione, Procymidone, Vinclozolin, Chlozolinate) dans différents échantillons de compost commerciaux. Les extraits des composts ont été analysés par HPLC-DAD-MS (chromatographie en phase liquide-détecteur à série de diodes-spectromètre de masse). Les analyses ont confirmé la présence de résidus de fongicides dans trois composts commerciaux (ex. 48 µg/kg d'iprodione) et des traces de certains métabolites dans la plupart des échantillons (ex : 20 µg/kg du métabolite I du Procymidone). Ces résultats suggèrent que l'application de compost favorise la présence des fongicides et/or des métabolites spécifiques dans le sol traité. fongicides dicarboximidiques / métabolites / compost commerciaux / HPLC-DAD-MS

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“…The presence of iprodione in the wastewaters from farms producing vegetables and flowers has been reported (2). Frequent applications or disregard for the recommended interval between treatments can result in residues of the fungicide being found in crops, wine, and compost (3,4).…”

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confidence: 99%

Biodegradation of the Fungicide Iprodione by Zygosaccharomyces rouxii Strain DBVPG 6399

Zadra

Cardinali²,

Corte³

et al. 2006

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Iprodione is a contact fungicide used to control several pathogens such as Botrytis cinerea, Monilia, and Sclerotinia. This paper reports the ability of an iprodione-resistant strain of Zygosaccharomyces rouxii to degrade iprodione at a concentration of 1 mg L(-1). The yeast Z. rouxii was chosen also for its ability to grow at high osmolarity. Also of note is that in bioremediation situations and in the food industry such resistance could be important. The kinetic and metabolic behaviors of the fungicide in the media are described. The results show a new transformation pathway of iprodione by the yeast leading to the formation of N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2,4-dioxoimidazoline, 3-isopropylhydantoin, and 3,5-dichloroaniline. These compounds were identified by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and GC-MS analyses. This study provides a basis to employ yeast strains in biodegradation studies in relation to their ability in the disappearance and degradation of xenobiotics into simpler molecules.

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Determination of presence of fungicides by their common metabolite, 3,5-DCA, in compost

Cited by 17 publications

References 17 publications

Persistent Organic Pollutants in Source‐Separated Compost and Its Feedstock Materials—A Review of Field Studies

Persistent Organic Pollutants in Source‐Separated Compost and Its Feedstock Materials—A Review of Field Studies

Occurrence of dicarboximidic fungicides and their metabolites? residues in commercial compost

Biodegradation of the Fungicide Iprodione by Zygosaccharomyces rouxii Strain DBVPG 6399

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