Determination of priority phenolic compounds in water and industrial effluents by polymeric liquid-solid extraction cartridges using automated sample preparation with extraction columns and liquid chromatography use of liquid-solid extraction cartridges for stabilization of phenols

Castillo, Montserrat; Puig, D.; Barceló, Damià

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(97)00313-0

Cited by 96 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…19 In the work cited, it was shown that polymeric sorbents such as LiChrolut EN were appropriate for the most polar analytes. Following SPE, the use of CE/MS is the best solution for the determination of sulfonated azo dyes since it o †ers the possibility of unequivocal conÐrmation of analytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of sulfonated azo dyes in groundwater and industrial effluents by automated solid-phase extraction followed by capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry

1998

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of sulfonated azo dyes in groundwater and industrial effluents by automated solid-phase extraction followed by capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry

1998

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“…6 An on-line SPE enables EPA phenols to be detected at 12 -77 ng/l levels. 7 MDLs ranging between 0.4 and 2 µg/l have been reported for SFC with on-line SPE. 8 Compared with the above-mentioned HPLC or SFC method, this MEKC method using DBTHP provides higher MDLs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, the EPA phenols can be completely separated within 12 min by MEKC. All of the phenols cannot be baseline separated by the HPLC 6,7 (analysis time = 21 or 27 min) and SFC 8 (analysis time = 13 min) methods. Moreover, the dynamic range of the MEKC method (10 2 - 10 3 ) is wider than those of the HPLC (12 -400) and SFC (<10) methods.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, phenols in water have been determined by GC/MS after derivatization to, for instance, their t-butyldimethylsilyl 4 or acetylated 5 derivatives. They are also measured directly (without derivatization) by HPLC with UV 6,7 or electrochemical 6 detection and by SFC 8 with photodiode array detection. Along with capillary-zone electrophoresis, MEKC has also been employed to separate certain phenols.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Applicability of Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography with a Double-Chain Surfactant Having Two Sulfonate Groups to the Determination of Pollutant Phenols in Water

et al. 2000

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Micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) is attracting much attention as a method for separating a wide range of neutral compounds owing to its rapid run-times, extremely high separation efficiency and low sample requirements. During the past several years, the number of publications on MEKC analysis has significantly increased. Especially, MEKC is often applied to the analysis of neutral compounds in the environment. [1][2][3] Phenolic compounds, a case in point, are of great environmental concern because of their high toxicity, even at low concentrations and common use. So far, phenols in water have been determined by GC/MS after derivatization to, for instance, their t-butyldimethylsilyl 4 or acetylated 5 derivatives. They are also measured directly (without derivatization) by HPLC with UV 6,7 or electrochemical 6 detection and by SFC 8 with photodiode array detection. Along with capillary-zone electrophoresis, MEKC has also been employed to separate certain phenols. 9,10 To our knowledge, the eleven priority phenols (EPA phenols) cannot be completely separated in HPLC. In a previous paper, 11 we described the complete baseline separation of EPA phenols by MEKC with a double-chain surfactant having two sulfonate groups: disodium 5,13-bis(dodecyloxymethyl)-4,7,11,14-tetraoxa-1,17-heptadecanedisulfonate (DBTHP). Therefore, it is of great interest to preliminarily investigate the applicability of this MEKC with DBTHP for the simultaneous determination of the EPA phenols in water.In this work, after the EPA phenols were spiked into river water and seawater, they were extracted using solid-phase extraction (SPE); their recoveries were then evaluated by MEKC. ExperimentalApparatus MEKC was performed with a P/ACE 5010 capillary electrophoresis system (Beckman, California, USA) using an uncoated fused-silica capillary tube (57 cm × 50 µm i.d., 50 cm from inlet to the detector). The separation temperature and applied voltage were held constant at 35˚C and 20 kV, respectively. The EPA phenols were detected by UV absorption at 214 nm. The micellar solution was prepared by dissolving DBTHP (7.5 mM) in a buffer solution of 50 mM sodium dihydrogenphosphate-25 mM sodium tetraborate at pH 7.0. Sample solutions were injected into the MEKC apparatus by a pressure mode for 2 s (ca. 2 nl). All experiments were performed in duplicate to ensure reproducibility. Data analysis and collection were accomplished using a Compaq PROLINEA 4/66 computer and Beckman P/ACE software, GOLD. Figure 1 shows the structure of the double-chain surfactant, DBTHP, used in this work. It was synthesized as previously reported. Reagents12,13 All other reagents were of analytical-reagent grade and were used as received. SPE procedureSPE cartridges (Excelpack SPE-UNI/154) were conditioned by successively washing with 10 ml of acetone and 10 ml of distilled water. Then, 500 ml of a water sample acidified in advance to pH 2 with 1 M HCl was loaded at a flow-rate of 10 ml/min. The cartridge was washed with 100 ml of water. After dehydrating the cartridg...

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“…3 For the quantitative sub-ppb analysis of phenolic compounds in environmental waters, liquid chromatography (LC) combined with sample preconcentration are generally used. Although the current official preconcentration method for phenolic compounds is liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) (US EPA Methods 604, 625), 4,5 there is a tendency to use a solid-phase extraction (SPE) [6][7][8] method which has advantages with regard to time and solvent saving over LLE. The SPE method, which has been rapidly developing for 30 years, is used as powerful sample pretreatment method because it can be easily automated and its partition coefficient and sample throughput are high in comparison with the LLE method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-line SPE-HPLC Method using Alumina Filtering to Selectively Extract Phenolic Compounds from Environmental Water

Lee¹

2010

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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A on-line SPE (solid phase extraction)-HPLC preconcentration method was developed for the determination of phenolic compounds at trace levels in environmental water sample. XAD-4 and Dowex 1-X8 were used as sorbent in the on-line SPE-HPLC method for the selective enrichment of nine phenolic compounds, which are included in the priority pollutants list of the US EPA. Also alumina prefiltering considerably reduced the amount of interfering peaks due to humic substances that could accumulated due to the preconcentration step and prevent quantification of polar phenolic compounds in environmental water samples. This method was used to determine the phenolic compounds in tap and river water and superiority to the US EPA 625 method in its enrichment factor, pretreatment time, recoveries, and detection limit. The limits of detection were in the range of 0.3 -0.9 μg/L in tap water sample.

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Determination of priority phenolic compounds in water and industrial effluents by polymeric liquid-solid extraction cartridges using automated sample preparation with extraction columns and liquid chromatography use of liquid-solid extraction cartridges for stabilization of phenols

Cited by 96 publications

References 18 publications

Determination of sulfonated azo dyes in groundwater and industrial effluents by automated solid-phase extraction followed by capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry

Determination of sulfonated azo dyes in groundwater and industrial effluents by automated solid-phase extraction followed by capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry

Applicability of Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography with a Double-Chain Surfactant Having Two Sulfonate Groups to the Determination of Pollutant Phenols in Water

On-line SPE-HPLC Method using Alumina Filtering to Selectively Extract Phenolic Compounds from Environmental Water

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