Determination of Semicarbazide Content in Crustaceans by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Yu, Hao; Li, Bing; Cai, Youqiong; Ye, Fangting; Tai, Jian-Ming; Hui, Y. H.; Xu, Jie; Feng, Bing

doi:10.3724/sp.j.1096.2012.20160

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The main substances in the urea cycle (arginine, urea, ornithine, and citrulline) and H 2 O 2 were mixed in 16 ways, and the amount of each substance added to the mixed system was fixed. The pretreatment method was according to the previous report, 14 and SEM detection was performed using HPLC−-MS/MS. By comparison of the content of SEM produced, the possible production ways of SEM were further analyzed.…”

Section: Analysis Of Sem Using Liquid Chromatography−mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The existence of endogenous SEM nevertheless brings serious false-positive problems to the detection of nitrofurazone-derived drugs. Besides, the safety of shrimp products has been questioned, a situation that has resulted in huge economic losses to the shrimp-farming industry . Therefore, it is of great significance to deeply explore the mechanism and formation of endogenous SEM in shrimps.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, the safety of shrimp products has been questioned, a situation that has resulted in huge economic losses to the shrimp-farming industry. 14 Therefore, it is of great significance to deeply explore the mechanism and formation of endogenous SEM in shrimps.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Endogenous Semicarbazide during the Whole Growth Cycle of Litopenaeus vannamei and Its Possible Biosynthetic Pathway

Liu

Sang

et al. 2019

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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This research aims to analyze the biosynthetic pathway of endogenous semicarbazide (SEM) in shrimps using Litopenaeus vannamei as the model target. To achieve this objective, the content of SEM in L. vannamei throughout the whole growth cycle was monitored under the strict control of external environmental interference. Experimental results showed that SEM was found in the shrimp shell at all stages, with its content decreasing first and then increasing, and no SEM was detected in the shrimp muscle of each growth stage. This indicated that endogenous SEM in L. vannamei was derived from the shrimp shell. At the same time, the content of amino acids in the shrimp shell and the corresponding substances involved in the urea cycle in the entire growth cycle of shrimp were monitored. The correlation analysis between them and the changes in the SEM content in shrimp showed that arginine had the largest correlation coefficient (0.952) with the changes in the SEM content. The main substances of the urea cycle may be related to the production of SEM. In combination with the water environmental test of high ammonia nitrogen, it was presumed that the formation of endogenous SEM was related to the amidine group of arginine and amide structure of citrulline and urea. Arginine, citrulline, and urea in the urea cycle of L. vannamei eventually produced SEM via an oxaziridine intermediate under the action of hydrogen peroxide and ammonia, and a standardized reaction test was conducted to verify the hypothesis and, thus, provided a new idea for future endogenous SEM research.

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Section: Analysis Of Sem Using Liquid Chromatography−mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Endogenous Semicarbazide during the Whole Growth Cycle of Litopenaeus vannamei and Its Possible Biosynthetic Pathway

Liu

Sang

et al. 2019

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…Semicarbazide mainly distributed in the shell of M. Nipponense prawns, which has been demonstrated in this study. Poucke et al (2011), Kennedy et al (2011) and Yu et al (2012) suggested that semicarbazide was present as a natural component in shell of the M. Rosenbergii prawns tested [12][13]22] . Based on the current studies and previous reports, the increase of SEM observed in our study may be the result of natural shell development and shellrelated behaviors of the prawns after metamorphosing into postlarvae period.…”

Section: Investigation Of the Internal Source Of Sem In M Nipponensementioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on the Natural Occurrence of Semicarbazide in Macrobrachium Nipponese prawns

Hui¹,

Zhang²,

Yu³

2015

Proceedings of the 2015 International Symposium on Material, Energy and Environment Engineering

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There is a suggestion that semicarbazide (SEM), the marker for the illegal veterinary nitrofurazone (NFZ), can naturally occur in some crustaceans. There were increasing occurrences that SEM had been found in Macrobrachium Nipponese (M. Nipponese) prawns during the routine quality controls testing for aquatic food in China since 2008. To ascertain the presence and source of SEM, samples were collected from different resources (i.e., aquatic product markets, natural waters, aquaculture farms) for qualitative and quantitative analysis of SEM. We incubated M. Nipponese larvae in the laboratory under control. The result showed that SEM was detected out in all the samples analyzed, including the wild-caught samples, and it presenting a regular content relationship among different parts of prawns (i.e., the shell > head > muscle). This relationship was unrelated to samples resources. In addition, a natural increase of SEM was observed after the larvae metamorphosing into postlarvae. These findings in M. Nipponense prawns provided new evidences for further confirming and researching the natural occurrence of SEM. Experimental Reagents and ChemicalsMethanol, ethyl acetate, hexane (n-hexane, 95%) all were HPLC grade (J. T. Baker). 2-Nitrobenzaldehyde (2-NBA, 98%) was bought from Alfa Aesar (Tianjin, China). Ammonium acetate (HPLC, 99.0%) was from Sigma-Aldrich (St.Louis.MO.USA). Water (18MΩ) was International Symposium on Material, Energy and Environment Engineering (ISM3E 2015)

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“…However, SEM derivatives may also occur by reaction with azodicarbonamide and biurea, chemicals commonly used for food preservation 1,14 . In addition, SEM is naturally present in the shells of crayfish, shrimp, prawn and soft-shell crab 15–17 . These data indicate that the use of SEM as the exclusive marker for NFZ might be unreliable 18,19 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde as marker residue for nitrofurazone treatment in farmed shrimps and with addressing the use of a novel internal standard

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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We developed a significantly improved ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for determination of 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde (NF) as a surrogate using a novel internal standard for the detection of nitrofurazone. We used 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine derivatization and furfural as the internal standard. Derivatization was easily performed in HCl using ultrasonic manipulation for 5 min followed by liquid extraction using ethyl acetate. The samples were concentrated and purified using reverse phase and alumina cartridges in tandem. The derivatives were separated using a linear gradient elution on a C18 column with methanol and water as the mobile phase in negative ionization mode and multiple reaction monitoring. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration curves were linear from 0.2 to 20 μg/L with correlation coefficients >0.999. Mean recoveries were 80.8 to 104.4% with the intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations <15% at spiking levels of 0.1 to 10 μg/kg. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.05 and 0.1 μg/kg, respectively. This method is a robust tool for the identification and quantitative determination of NF in shrimp samples.

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Determination of Semicarbazide Content in Crustaceans by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Analysis of Endogenous Semicarbazide during the Whole Growth Cycle of Litopenaeus vannamei and Its Possible Biosynthetic Pathway

Analysis of Endogenous Semicarbazide during the Whole Growth Cycle of Litopenaeus vannamei and Its Possible Biosynthetic Pathway

Investigation on the Natural Occurrence of Semicarbazide in Macrobrachium Nipponese prawns

Determination of 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde as marker residue for nitrofurazone treatment in farmed shrimps and with addressing the use of a novel internal standard

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