Determination of Shelf Life of Selected Sachet Water in Ogbomoso, Oyo State Nigeria

Abstract

Water is life and every living thing depends on it for existence. Sachet water has gradually become the most widely consumed liquid in Nigeria with varying qualities. This study investigates the temporal variation in water quality of Sachet water produced in Ogbomoso, Oyo State. Ten (10) brands of sachet water from Ogbomoso South and North Local government area were collected within 24 hours of production and stored at standard room temperature and conditions. Sub-samples were drawn from the stock samples on daily basis for physico-chemical measurements on the water samples Temperature, pH, colour, turbidity, Hardness, Total Alkalinity, Dissolve Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Nitrate values were determined in accordance with World Health Organization (W.H.O) analytical methods. Temperature, pH and Colour values ranged from (28.3 - 30.5) ̊C, (7.96 - 8.80) and (20-70) Hazen, respectively. The Total hardness EC and DO and BOD values varied from (45-105)mg/l, (11 - 184)µs, (2.83 - 12.24)mg/L and (18.2 - 28.4)mg/l, respectively. Shelf life for the selected sachet water in Ogbomoso is 12 weeks from the date of production under laboratory condition with partial exposure to sunlight.

Survey of Sachet Water Waste Disposal in Liberia

“…A study by Omalu et al stated that sachet water is a common source of drinking water in urban areas due to its availability and affordability 20. Olaniyan et al found that reported reasons for sachet water intake are that it is cheaper, hygienic, pure and is considered safe 21…”

Water and Sanitation Facilities in selected schools in Ibadan, South-western Nigeria

“…The staff and students are not totally free from waterborne diseases through the consumption of sachet water. The safety of sachet water is entirely dependent on the water source, treatment, packaging and storage (Olaniyan et al 2016). Increasing rates of infectious and gastrointestinal diseases have also been discovered in schools where water and sanitation facilities are inadequate (Morgan et al, 2017).…”

Validation of the shelf life of NAFDAC‐certified sachet‐packed drinking water brands vended in Nigeria

“…Potable water supply has become increasingly unavailable in Nigeria, thus creating a scarcity of this indispensable resource in many urban regions of Nigeria (Edema et al 2011;Olaniyan et al 2016). Hence, sachet-packed or bottled drinking water produced by water processing factories has become the readily available alternatives (Omalu et al 2010;Epundu et al 2017) for the supply of potable water in both urban and rural areas in Nigeria.…”

“…Hence, sachet-packed or bottled drinking water produced by water processing factories has become the readily available alternatives (Omalu et al 2010;Epundu et al 2017) for the supply of potable water in both urban and rural areas in Nigeria. The sachetpacked drinking water, which refers to drinking water that is commercially packed in easy-to-open 50-60 millilitres polyethylene sac (Edema et al 2011), is relatively cheaper than the bottled water and is most widely consumed in Nigeria (Olaniyan et al 2016). However, sachet-packed drinking water is often not properly processed by the water processing factories and may contain unwanted microorganisms which upon prolonged storage at room temperature may grow to unacceptable levels that may expose potential consumers to probable adverse health effects (Oladipo et al 2009;Okeke et al 2015).…”

“…Some unwanted micro-organisms in the improperly processed drinking water that may cause adverse health effects are Salmonella typhi, Legionella pneumophilia and Shigella dysenteriae Letters in Applied Microbiology 73, 634--645 © 2021 The Society for Applied Microbiology which respectively cause typhoid fever, Legionnaire's disease and dysentery (Subramani and Jayagobu 2014). Most of these microbial impurities and even chemical impurities (WHO 2011;Uwa 2016) which originate from the raw water continue to persist in the packaged, processed water due to inadequate purification protocols (Olaniyan et al 2016;Algamdi et al 2019). In Nigeria, NAFDAC is saddled with the responsibility of setting specifications used for monitoring the operations of packaged drinking water processing companies (Dada 2009;Edema et al 2011).…”