Determination of some essential and toxic elements composition of commercial infant formula in the Egyptian market and their contribution to dietary intake of infants

Ghuniem, Mahmoud M.; Khorshed, Mona A.; Khalil, Mostafa M.H.

doi:10.1080/03067319.2019.1637426

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 66 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Many baby food products including cereals, puffs, and biscuits are made mainly of rice because of its nutrients Current levels of Cd tested in baby foods were consistent with previous reports (Table 5) in Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Germany, Poland, and China (Başaran, 2022;Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, 2018;Khalifa & Ahmad, 2010;Mania et al, 2015;Su et al, 2020). Cd contents in infant formula analyzed in this study were lower than the contents observed in Italy and Egypt (Bargellini et al, 2018;Ghuniem et al, 2020). In contrast, our results were higher than Cd contents reported in various baby foods in United States, Serbia, and Spain (Gardener et al, 2019;Škrbić et al, 2017).…”

Section: Occurrence Datasupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Previous literature of Saudi Arabia, Italy, and Turkey (Table 5) has demonstrated the presence of Pb levels in baby food samples exceeding the EU and SFDA limits (Bargellini et al, 2018;Başaran, 2022;Khalifa & Ahmad, 2010). Nevertheless, our findings were higher compared to these reports and to Pb levels analyzed in Germany, United States, China, Spain, Poland, and Eygpt (Bae et al, 2002;Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, 2018;Chen et al, 2017;Gardener et al, 2019;Ghuniem et al, 2020;Kumarathilaka et al, 2019;Mania et al, 2015;Maruszewska et al, 2021;Rahman & Hasegawa, 2011;Signes-Pastor et al, 2016;Škrbić et al, 2017;Su et al, 2020;U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2016;WHO, 2021b;Williams et al, 2007).…”

Section: Occurrence Datacontrasting

confidence: 87%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Occurrence and dietary exposure assessment of heavy metals in baby foods in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Alharbi,

Akamsiei,

Almaiman

et al. 2023

Food Science & Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Early childhood exposure to heavy metals like arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) through baby foods unfolds many concerns about their toxic effects on growth and health. In this study, occurrence and dietary intake of As, Cd, and Pb in stage 1 infant formula (0–6 months), stage 2 infant formula (7–12 months), cereal‐based meals, and biscuits were estimated. First, the levels of As, Cd, and Pb were determined with ICP‐MS, followed by the calculation of estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), and hazard index (HI) for As and Cd, and margin of exposure (MoE) for Pb. Mean levels of As, Cd, and Pb were the highest in cereal‐based meals and biscuits as 15.5–11.1, 5.18–8.76, and 35.2–53.8 μg/kg, respectively. Newborns to 6 months old infants were estimated to be the highest exposed population to Cd and Pb (0.08 and 0.36 μg/kg bw/day), while infants aged 7–12 months old were exposed the highest to As. Based on the THQ, HI, and MoE findings, the current exposure levels from the selected baby foods to As, Cd, and Pb pose low potential chronic risks to both infant age groups. This research provides a roadmap for future investigations in chemical contaminants often detected in baby foods consumed regularly by Saudi infants.

show abstract

Section: Occurrence Datasupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Occurrence Datacontrasting

confidence: 87%

Occurrence and dietary exposure assessment of heavy metals in baby foods in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Alharbi,

Akamsiei,

Almaiman

et al. 2023

Food Science & Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Sn is widely used in Sn-plated steel containers, which are used for food production and preservation of beverage cans. In case of exposure to a large amount of Sn in canned food taken daily over a long period, acute effects such as stomach aches and anaemia occur in liver and kidney (58,59) . The permissible limit for Sn in infant formula is 50 mg/kg (60) .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimated daily intake and health risk assessment of toxic elements in infant formulas

Demir

Ağaoğlu

2023

Br J Nutr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, the heavy metal (Al, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Sn, Pb, and Hg) concentrations were determined in a total of 72 infant formula samples manufactured by 16 different brands in Türkiye. During the analyses, Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used in evaluating the nutritional profile and the toxicological risk associated with the consumption of these products. Given the analysis results, the highest Pb content was found in milk-based 'beginner’ formulas (0-6 months, 3 samples) packed in metal containers. The highest concentration of Mn was found in powdered infant formula (Brand 3) that is suitable for 9–12-month-olds. Mn level was found to be above the limit values in 9 samples (12.5%). Cd level exceeded the limit values in two infant formula samples of Brand 3 (0.038 µg/g) and Brand 15 (0.023 µg/g). Therefore, the mean Cd concentration found here reaches the maximum limit set by the European Commission (EU) legislation. Cu was detected in all infant formulas. The highest concentration was determined in Brand 1 (9-12 months, 7 samples) and found to be 2.637±1.928 µg/g. This value is much higher than the reference values set in the national and international standards. Based on the results achieved here, the Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) and Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) values for all the metals in infant formulas were found lower than <1. These findings suggest that the baby foods examined would not pose any health risk. The daily intakes exceeding the baby nutrition values recommended by the WHO (World Health Organization) would pose health risk since they would exceed the EDI levels.

show abstract

“…Generally, the diet of neonates, infants, and toddlers (NITs) includes breast milk nutrition within the first 6 months [13], followed by complementary foods and then solid foods. In some parts of Africa, large amounts of xenobiotics can contaminate complementary foods [14,15], and xenobiotic can also be detected in breast milk [16,17]. In addition, foods can contain bioactive compounds such as polyphenols [18].…”

Section: The Human Gut Microbiome and The Chemical Exposome In Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Early-life chemical exposome and gut microbiome development: African research perspectives within a global environmental health context

Ayeni¹,

Berry²,

Wisgrill³

et al. 2022

Trends in Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Determination of some essential and toxic elements composition of commercial infant formula in the Egyptian market and their contribution to dietary intake of infants

Cited by 19 publications

References 66 publications

Occurrence and dietary exposure assessment of heavy metals in baby foods in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Occurrence and dietary exposure assessment of heavy metals in baby foods in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Estimated daily intake and health risk assessment of toxic elements in infant formulas

Early-life chemical exposome and gut microbiome development: African research perspectives within a global environmental health context

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About