Determination of some toxic trace elements in Indian tobacco and its smoke

Shaikh, A.N.; Khandekar, R.N.; Anand, S.; Mishra, Umesh

doi:10.1007/bf02034808

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…5,6 The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) also reported that the concentration levels of metals in cigarette tobacco vary from brand to brand. 7,8 The IARC listed 11 compounds and elements in mainstream tobacco smoke, such as 2-naphthylamine, 4-aminobiphenyl, benzene, vinyl chloride, ethylene oxide, arsenic (As), beryllium (Be), nickel (Ni) compounds, chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd) and polonium-210, which were classified as Group 1 human carcinogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic Speciation and Cadmium Determination in Tobacco Leaves, Ash and Smoke

2016

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The concentrations of arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) in the tobacco leaves, ash and smoke of 10 kinds of cigarettes collected from different countries worldwide were determined by ICP-MS after microwave-assisted digestion. Total As and Cd concentrations in the tobacco leaves ranged from 0.20 to 0.63 and 1.8 to 9.9 mg kg -1 , respectively. By the speciation analysis of As in tobacco leaves and ash by HPLC-ICP-MS following acid extraction, arsenite [As(III)] and arsenate [As(V)] were determined and trace amounts of monomethylarsonic acid (MMAA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA), trimethylarsine oxide (TMAO), tetramethylarsonium (TeMA) and some unidentified As species were also found. Arsenic speciation for smoke absorbed in an aqueous solution was carried out. The sum of the As species in tobacco leaves, ash and smoke was in good agreement with the result of total As determination in each sample, and the recoveries of speciation were 100 ± 10%. The distributions and the behaviors of As species were clarified.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic Speciation and Cadmium Determination in Tobacco Leaves, Ash and Smoke

2016

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“…Results Table 1 shows the concentrations of Cd in tobacco leaf or cigarettes by country of harvest or production from references after 1980 [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] . The concentration in Table 1 is shown in dry or wet weight.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using equation [1], the mean amount of Cd in one cigarette sold in Japan was calculated from [8]- [10], [12], and [15] as:…”

Section: Amount Of CD In Cigarettes Sold In Japanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium Absorption from Smoking Cigarettes: Calculation Using Recent Findings from Japan

Sugita

Izuno

Tatemichi

et al. 2001

Environ. Health Prev. Med.

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Consumed substances, including food, drink, and tobacco, produced in the environment are exposure sources of Cd. The object of the present study was to estimate Cd exposure and absorption amount from smoking cigarettes, one exposure source of Cd, using recent findings from Japan. The market share of cigarettes produced in foreign countries has increased in Japan, the proportion of tobacco leaves harvested in foreign countries has increased in cigarettes produced in Japan, and the percentage of smokers in Japan has changed. Therefore, obtaining the absorption value of Cd from smoking cigarettes using recent findings from Japan is significant.We collected information on (1) the concentrations of Cd in tobacco leaves by country of harvest and in cigarettes by country of production, (2) the concentrations of Cd in cigarette smoke, (3) the proportion of tobacco leaves harvested in foreign countries used in cigarettes made and sold in Japan, (4) the absorption rate of Cd in the airways for cigarette smoke, (5) the smoking rate by gender, age, and year in Japan, (6) the number of cigarettes sold in Japan by year and country of production, (7) the number of cigarettes smoked by smokers per day according to gender and age in Japan, and (8) the population size in 1998 by gender and age in Japan. The mean amount of Cd absorbed via the airways by smoking for smokers in Japan was calculated to be 0.89-1.78 μg/day from the above information. The values are not small in comparison with the amount of Cd absorbed from the digestive organs.The concentration of Cd in tobacco leaves harvested in Japan and cigarettes produced in Japan is generally higher than that of leaves harvested and cigarettes produced in foreign countries. The increase in the market share of cigarettes produced in foreign countries and sold in Japan and the increase in the proportion of tobacco leaves harvested in foreign countries used in cigarettes made and sold in Japan have decreased the amount of Cd absorbed by smoking for smokers in Japan.

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“…Tobacco products including snuff has been shown to contain some heavy metals and Interest in the trace metal concentrations of tobacco products have been on the increase Shaikh, 1985, 1986;Shaikh et al 1992;Shaikh et al, 2002;Addo et al 2008;Dhaware et al 2009;Pappas et al (2008). Other studies have also investigated other toxic components of tobacco especially the tobacco specific nitrosamines (TSNA) (McNeill et al, 2006;Pakhale and Maru, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies into the trace metal contents of tobacco products have been focusing more on cigarettes (Zawadska et al 1989;Jung et al, 1998;Spiff et al, 1999;Shaikh et a., 2002;Nnorom et al, 2005;Pappas et al, 2007) and cigarette/tobacco smoke (Mishra and Shaikh, 1985;Schneider and Krivan, 1993;Shaikh et al 1992;Shaikh et al, 2002;Pakhale and Maru, 1998;Pappas et al, 2007;Hammond and O'Connor 2008). Studies of snuff products have also been increasing in recent times Brunnemann and Hoffmann, 2002;Addo et al, 2008;Pappas et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper, Iron and Zinc concentrations of tobacco leaves and ready-to-use snuff products on sale in Imo State Southeastern Nigeria

Nnorom¹

2015

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management

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This paper reports the results of the determination of the concentrations of Zn, Cu, and Fe in tobacco leaves and snuff products on sale in some regional markets in Imo State, Southeastern Nigeria. The samples were ashed at 550°C, mineralized with acid and the metal concentrations measured using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The mean metal concentrations are 843 ± 46 mg kg -1 for Fe, 79 ± 4 mg kg -1 for Zn, and 22 ± 2 mg kg -1 for Cu in snuff samples and; 951 ± 78 mg kg -1 for Fe, 83 ± 2 mg kg -1 for Zn, and 24 ± 2 mg kg -1 for Cu in tobacco leaves. Comparably, higher metal concentrations were obtained in tobacco leaves than in the snuff products, and the metal concentrations varied according to the regional markets from where they were purchased. The results of this study indicate that snuff products could constitute trace metal exposure routes to users. © JASEM http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem/v19i3.16

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Determination of some toxic trace elements in Indian tobacco and its smoke

Cited by 18 publications

References 6 publications

Arsenic Speciation and Cadmium Determination in Tobacco Leaves, Ash and Smoke

Arsenic Speciation and Cadmium Determination in Tobacco Leaves, Ash and Smoke

Cadmium Absorption from Smoking Cigarettes: Calculation Using Recent Findings from Japan

Copper, Iron and Zinc concentrations of tobacco leaves and ready-to-use snuff products on sale in Imo State Southeastern Nigeria

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