Determination of state-of-discharge of zinc-silver oxide button cells. III. In situ impedance measurements of each electrode

Flexible and stretchable power sources for wearable electronics

“…S7. EIS measurements support the speculation that the increase in capacity is attributed to an increase in the active surface area of the limiting Ag electrode, leading to higher material utilization as a result of flexing (39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45). Thus, the electromechanical characterization demonstrated that constructing the battery around the helical band spring current collector resulted in a device resilient to repetitive dynamic mechanical load.…”

Quantifying Silver Dissolution in Primary and Secondary AgO-Zn Batteries

“…The stronger diffusion at a higher current will favor the reduction of the intermediate phase Ag(OH) 2 to Ag 2 O. 20 As shown in Figure 5e, at higher cycling rate, the cathode surface is rougher and results in more generation of the intermediate phase. The rougher surface and stronger diffusion together quickly consume intermediate Ag(OH) 2 , slowing down the competing complexation reaction.…”

“…The rougher surface and stronger diffusion together quickly consume intermediate Ag(OH) 2 , slowing down the competing complexation reaction. In the meantime, at higher C rate, the generated silver hydroxide complex is more localized at the cathode surface because of the rougher surface and limited diffusion, 20 resulting in less silver dissolution into other layers of the cells. This observation suggests that future remedies such as modifying the cathode surface with coarsening the AgO particles may help enhance the reduction and hinder the dissolution in secondary cells.…”

“…The silver dissolution, concurring with the autonomous silver reduction, 13,15 gradually discharges the battery during storage and results in irreversible capacity loss, which limits the use of the AgO-Zn battery for many applications that require extended operations. 17,19,20 Therefore, it is of great importance to understand, quantify, and potentially mitigate this irreversible silver dissolution to further advance the practicality of the AgO-Zn chemistry.…”

“…As a common strategy to prevent the silver crossover, sacrificial reductive separators such as cellophane were used to capture the dissolved silver ions. ,, However, this strategy does not mitigate silver dissolution but leads to the constant removal of dissolved Ag in the electrolyte before reaching saturation, allowing further silver dissolution from the cathode until the cellulosic material is fully oxidized. The silver dissolution, concurring with the autonomous silver reduction, , gradually discharges the battery during storage and results in irreversible capacity loss, which limits the use of the AgO-Zn battery for many applications that require extended operations. ,, Therefore, it is of great importance to understand, quantify, and potentially mitigate this irreversible silver dissolution to further advance the practicality of the AgO-Zn chemistry.…”