Determination of sulfonamides in milk samples by HPLC with amperometric detection using a glassy carbon electrode modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Abstract

A sensitive and accurate method for determining five sulfonamides based on HPLC with amperometric detection and using a glassy carbon electrode modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes is proposed. Optimal conditions for the quantitative separation of selected sulfonamides were studied, and glassy carbon electrodes with and without modification with carbon nanotubes were systematically investigated as electrodic materials. Statistical analysis of the obtained results demonstrated that these modified electrodes achieved considerably better stability and sensitivity than the conventional unmodified ones. Detection limits were in the 1.2-6.0 ng/mL range. The usefulness of the method was demonstrated by the analysis of milk samples, taking into account the European legislation on residues in food products, following both a screening method to classify the samples and a confirmation method to provide more detailed information in the case of positive samples.

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“…Sulfonamides (SAs), commonly known as veterinary drugs, are Nsubstituted derivatives of p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid with amphoteric properties, which have been extensively used as an antibacterial compound against a variety of bacterial and protozoan infections owing to the broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, effectiveness as livestock growth promoters, and low price [1][2][3] . However, their widespread use may result in trace residues in products of animal origin such as milk, fish, eggs, meat, and honey, which attracts much attention of consumers and regulatory bodies due to potential adverse reactions including thyroid follicular tumors, allergy, as well as the development of antibiotic resistance 4 .…”

Rapid HPLC-DAD quantitation of sulfonamides in honey using poly(methacrylic acid-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolith modified with 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate-grafted sodium titanate nanotubes

“…[1][2][3] However, their widespread use may result in trace residues in products of animal origin such as milk, fish, eggs, meat, and honey, which attract much attention of consumers and regulatory bodies due to potential adverse reactions, including thyroid follicular tumors, allergy, as well as the development of antibiotic resistance. 4 To ensure food safety for consumers, the EU Commission has laid down the maximum residue limit (MRL) of 100 mg kg À1 for SAs as the total in edible biological tissues, such as muscles, liver and kidneys as well as in milk.…”

Molybdenum Disulfide as a Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction Adsorbent for Determination of Sulfonamide Residues in Water Samples Using Capillary Electrophoresis

“…Therefore, intensive research has been conducted to develop new analytical methods for the determination of SAs in different samples ,. The majority of these methods involve the application of high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), and capillary electrophoresis (CE) . The sensitivity of modern analytical instruments has been improved; nevertheless, obtaining accurate results is still difficult due to interferences from the sample matrix and the low concentration of SAs in real samples.…”