Fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET) with naturally exceptional selectivity is a powerfultechnique and widely used in chemical and biomedical analysis. However, it is still challenging for conventional FRET to perform as a high sensitivity compact sensor. Here we propose a novel 'FRET on Fiber' concept, in which a partially reduced graphene oxide (prGO) film is deposited on a fiberoptic modal interferometer, acting as both the fluorescent quencher for the FRET and the sensitive cladding for optical phase measurement due to refractive index changes in biochemical detection. The target analytes induced fluorescence recovery with good selectivity and optical phase shift with high sensitivity are measured simultaneously. The functionalized prGO film coated on the fiber-optic interferometer shows high sensitivities for the detections of metal ion, dopamine and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), with detection limits of 1.2 nM, 1.3 μM and 1 pM, respectively. Such a prGO based 'FRET on fiber' configuration, bridging the FRET and the fiber-optic sensing technology, may serve as a platform for the realization of series of integrated 'FRET on Fiber' sensors for on-line environmental, chemical, and biomedical detection, with excellent compactness, high sensitivity, good selectivity and fast response Biochemical detection with both high sensitivity and selectivity is of great importance in medical, chemical, environmental and security areas. During the past decades, various optical biochemical detection methods based on diverse technologies have been reported and still developing fast [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] . In particular, the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a highly popular method due to its biochemical universality and naturally exceptional selectivity [8][9][10] . However, as a key biochemical detection technique, the optical signal of the conventional FRET method based on fluorescent intensity measurement is just collected from dispersions or solutions in free-space. Hence, it is quite challenging to replace the conventional FRET instrument with a compact FRET probe for on-line biochemical detection, limiting the applications of the FRET technology considerably. Optical fiber sensors have great potential to solve such a problem, as they are compact and suitable for on-line applications [11][12][13][14][15] . Furthermore, high sensitivity could be achieved with a fiber-optic interferometer based on optical phase measurement due to refractive index changes 16,17 . Hence, by combining the FRET and fiber-optic sensing technologies, we could pave a new way for the realization of all-fiber based FRET sensors, which can be expected to have high impact on the area of the biochemical detection due to their excellent compactness, high sensitivity, good selectivity, and fast response.The emergence of graphene materials provides the possibility to bridge such a combination 18,19 , where graphene or graphene oxide acting as a naturally fluorescent quencher can be used to improve the fluorescence transfer efficienc...