Determination of Synthetic Food Colors, Caffeine, Sodium Benzoate and Potassium Sorbate in Sports Drinks

Mazdeh, Fatemeh Zamani; Moradi, Zeinab; Moghaddam, Ghazaleh; Moradi-Khatoonabadi, Zhila; Aftabdari, F Esmaeili; Badaei, Parnaz; Hajimahmoodi, Mannan

doi:10.4314/tjpr.v15i1.25

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The mean caffeine content of carbonated soft drinks was lower than that of energy drinks. This finding is in line with the same result reported by Fatima et al [1]. However, the mean concentration of CF in 9 tea samples was 133 mg/L.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The precision of the LC-ToF-MS method was assessed by analysis of three samples replicates within the same day (inter-day) and for three different days (intra-day) (see Table 2). The precision was determined by analysing three different concentrations for theobromine (1,50 and 200 g/mL) and caffeine (5, 25 and 100 g/mL), respectively, on three different days. The results were in accordance with standard method validation [17].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are also the main compounds found in tea, coffee, sodas, chocolate, and various energy drinks. More than 120,000 tons of caffeine is consumed worldwide annually [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of theobromine and caffeine in some Malaysian beverages by liquid chromatography-time-offlight mass spectrometry

Al-Qaim¹,

Yuzir²,

Mussa³

2018

Trop. J. Pharm Res

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To determine the concentration of theobromine (TB) and caffeine (CF) in tea and other beverages using liquid chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS). Methods: The extract of caffeine and theobromine from tea and other beverages was filtered by 0.45 μm nylon micro-syringe and then injected into a LC-ToF-MS system. Theobromine and caffeine were separated using Thermo Scientific C18-column (length 250 mm, width 2.1 mm and diameter 5 μm). Acetonitrile-methanol (ACN-MeOH, 3:1 v/v) was used as mobile phase B, while mobile phase A was 0.1 % FA in DIW. The volume injected was 30 μL at a rate of 0.3 mL/min. Results: Good linearity was obtained in the range of 0.3-400 and 0.2-200 mg/L for theobromine and caffeine, respectively (regression coefficient (R 2) > 0.970). The limits of detection were 0.15 and 0.05 μg/mL for theobromine and caffeine, respectively. The highest concentrations of caffeine and theobromine determined in tea samples were 159.1 and 255.8 mg/L, respectively. Conclusion: Theobromine and caffeine have been successfully analysed in tea, coffee and soft drinks. LC-TOF-MS is an accurate and promising instrument for the determination of the studied compounds in beverages.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of theobromine and caffeine in some Malaysian beverages by liquid chromatography-time-offlight mass spectrometry

Al-Qaim¹,

Yuzir²,

Mussa³

2018

Trop. J. Pharm Res

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“…Although several studies determined the content of sugars in isotonic sport drinks or their capability of hydration, among others, only a few studies were focused on the determination of food colorants in sport drinks . In that context, this work provides new information concerning the content of colorants in this type of commercial drink.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MWCNT‐modified Electrode for Voltammetric Determination of Allura Red and Brilliant Blue FCF in Isotonic Sport Drinks

et al. 2019

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A fast and simple electrochemical sensor is presented for the determination of allura red and brilliant blue in isotonic sport drinks, using a glassy carbon electrode modified with multi‐walled carbon nanotubes. The electrochemical behavior of the colorants was studied by cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry in 0.1 M PBS, pH 7.0. The solution pH, the amount of nanomaterial on the surface of the electrode and the accumulation time of each colorant were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the sensor exhibited a linear response to allura red and brilliant blue with detection limits of 7 μg L−1 and 52 μg L−1, respectively. The sensor was applied to the analysis of commercial isotonic sports drinks that contain individual or mixed colorants, showing good sensitivity and reproducibility. The results were compared with a chromatographic method showing that the levels of colorants are low and did not show a risk for a consumer's health.

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“…Various analytical methods have been employed to determine the amount of CAF in many matrices, including spectroscopic methods such as spectrophotometry and spectrofluorimetry . Chromatographic separation methods have been addressed for the detection of CAF, including high‐pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) , thin layer chromatography (TLC), gas chromatography and capillary zone electrophoresis . Furthermore, potentiometry and voltammetry as electrochemical methods have been reported for CAF detection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects for using a new sequential chemiluminescence strategy for monitoring the caffeine content in soft and energy drinks via the catalytic activities of different nano‐metal oxides

et al. 2019

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This article suggests a new sequential injection analysis chemiluminescence (SIA-CL) strategy for monitoring the caffeine (CAF) content in soft and energy drinks using the catalytic activities of different nano-metal oxides. The present study describes three different SIA-CL systems (luminol-ferricyanide (III) coupled with Fe 2 O 3 or ZnO nanoparticles (NPs), and luminol-H 2 O 2 coupled with CuONPs. All experimental conditions were optimized and the linear concentration ranges of pure CAF were evaluated using the calibration graphs. The selectivity of the developed SIA-CL systems was studied under the influence of various interfering species that may be present in soft or energy drinks such as sodium ions, sucrose, glucose, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, riboflavin, niacin, citric, phosphoric and ascorbic acids. International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guidelines were obeyed for the validation of the suggested CL methods. The developed SIA-CL systems displayed linear relationships over the concentration ranges 1.0-350, 5.0-400 and 10.0-400 μg ml −1 with Fe 2 O 3 NPs, ZnO NPs and CuO NPs, respectively. The recorded lower limits of detection and quantification were 0.7, 2.7 and 7.8 μg ml −1 , and 1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 μg ml −1 for the previously mentioned SIA-CL systems. The results revealed high selectivity for CAF determination and were in good agreement with those obtained by other reported methods. KEYWORDS caffeine, chemiluminescence, energy drinksmetal nano-oxidessequential injection analysissoft drinks

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Determination of Synthetic Food Colors, Caffeine, Sodium Benzoate and Potassium Sorbate in Sports Drinks

Abstract: Purpose: To employ high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

Cited by 22 publications

References 17 publications

Determination of theobromine and caffeine in some Malaysian beverages by liquid chromatography-time-offlight mass spectrometry

Determination of theobromine and caffeine in some Malaysian beverages by liquid chromatography-time-offlight mass spectrometry

MWCNT‐modified Electrode for Voltammetric Determination of Allura Red and Brilliant Blue FCF in Isotonic Sport Drinks

Prospects for using a new sequential chemiluminescence strategy for monitoring the caffeine content in soft and energy drinks via the catalytic activities of different nano‐metal oxides

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