Determination of testosterone esters and estradiol esters in bovine and porcine blood serum

Abstract

Monitoring of steroid esters in blood serum is desirable in order to detect the possible illegal use of natural hormones as growth promoters. A method for the determination of testosterone propionate, testosterone benzoate, testosterone isocaproate, testosterone decanoate and estradiol benzoate in bovine and porcine blood serum was developed. The procedure consists of protein precipitation and removal of phospholipids using a HybridSPE®-Phospholipid column followed by clean-up on a hydrophilic modified styrene polymer Supel-Select HLB column and LC-MS/MS measurement. The method was validated according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. Decision limits for all analytes were observed in the range 5-30 pg ml. The method was shown to be robust for bovine and porcine serum analyses and can be applied for both screening and confirmatory determination in routine residue monitoring.

Multiresidue Determination of Growth Promoters in Bovine Serum using QuEChERS and UHPLC-Q-ORBITRAP: Validation and In Vivo Study

“…As far as the authors are aware, this work presented the first quantitative extraction method intended for multiresidue growth promoter analysis in bovine serum employing QuEChERS. The related methods in the literature employ either cumbersome or more expensive protocols such as LLE, successive LLE, or SPE, followed by derivatization. − …”

“…The reported works that studied growth promoters in bovine serum employed essentially the techniques of liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS), which might be explained because of the versatility of mobile and stationary phases linked to multiclass compounds. − Gas chromatography (GC) has also been used in one work, which required an additional derivatization step for the nonvolatile/thermally stable compounds . As for extraction, most of the works used time-consuming/costly protocols based on solid-phase and liquid–liquid extraction. − …”

Determination of steroid esters in hair of slaughter animals by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

“…However, due to the high operating costs, GC-C-IRMS measuring instruments are only available in very few EU laboratories, and they are those performing national official residue surveillance tests. Steroid esters are non-volatile, therefore liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods are preferred for analysis (11,18), although there are also gas chromatography procedures used for the determination of steroid esters and other hormones in the hair and other matrices like serum (23)(24)(25)(26).…”