“…Toward this end, we substituted the EPR-silent essential metal co-factor Mg 2+ , which is coordinated to nucleotides at the NBSs, with the paramagnetic Mn 2+ ion ( S = 5/2) and followed the coupling to the 31 P nuclei ( I = 1/2) of the coordinated nucleotide phosphate and the 14 N nuclei contributed by the bound nucleotide and by transporters’ residues, through a series of freeze-quench experiments. While ENDOR is a well-established technique and is particularly useful for characterizing the coordination sphere of Mn 2+ , EDNMR has been gaining attention only during the last decade as a result of the increase use of high field EPR spectrometers (Banerjee et al, 2011; Bruch et al, 2015; Cox et al, 2013; Cox et al, 2015; Fittipaldi et al, 2008; Florent et al, 2011; Kaminker et al, 2010; Kaminker et al, 2014; Klein et al, 2012; Kulik et al, 2005; Mino and Ono, 2003; Nalepa et al, 2014; Potapov et al, 2012; Rapatskiy et al, 2012; Un, 2013). Here we show that the intensity of the EDNMR signal can be utilized to follow the evolution of the ATP turnover reaction.…”