Determination of the Alternaria mycotoxin tenuazonic acid in cereals by high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization ion-trap multistage mass spectrometry after derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine

Siegel, David J.; Rasenko, Tatjana; Koch, Matthias; Nehls, Irene

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2009.03.063

Cited by 84 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The highest concentration was reported in cereals (maximum 851 µg/kg, mean 49 µg/kg) followed by bottled beers (maximum of 175 µg/kg, mean 11 µg/kg (Siegel et al, 2009(Siegel et al, , 2010b. The average concentration in beer type varied between 5.6 µg/kg in wheat beer (n = 8) and 9.2 µg/kg in bock beer (n = 6) when the maximum level was omitted as an outlier.…”

Section: Previously Reported Occurrence Results Of Alternaria Toxins mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the recent analytical methods used for the analysis of Alternaria toxins include reversed phase HPLC or ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to single MS or tandem MS (MS/MS) (Scott, 2001;Lau et al, 2003;Magnani et al, 2007;Sulyok et al, 2007;Asam et al, 2009;Diana Di Mavungu et al, 2009;Herebian et al, 2009;Monbaliu et al, 2009;Siegel et al, 2009Siegel et al, , 2010aAsam et al, 2010;Rasmussen et al, 2010;Sulyok et al, 2010). LODs of 1 µg/kg for AOH, AME and ALT in maize and wheat (triple quadrupole technology) and in the range of 100 to 200 µg/kg in the same materials (ion trap technology), were reported by Herebian et al (2009).…”

Section: Chromatographic Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LLE is applied for tomatoes and tomato products (Scott and Kanhere, 1980;Stack et al, 1985;da Motta andSoares, 2000a,b Andersen andFrisvad, 2004) fruit juices and beverages (Lau et al, 2003), oilseed rape meal and sunflower seed meal (Nawaz et al, 1997), cereal samples (Siegel et al, 2009), beer (Siegel et al 2010b), hay, silage and mixed feed (Yu et al, 1999), wheat and maize (Herebian et al, 2009), maize silage (Rasmussen et al, 2010) and ground breadcrumbs mouldy food samples (Sulyok et al, 2007(Sulyok et al, , 2010 ., 1996), tomato paste (Fente et al, 1998), fruit juices and beverages (Lau et al, 2003), tangerines (Magnani et al, 2007) and apple juice (Scott et al, 1997).…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scientific Opinion on the risks for animal and public health related to the presence ofAlternariatoxins in feed and food

2011

EFSA Journal

410

188

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The European Commission asked the European Food Safety Authority to review the safety of Alternaria toxins in food and feed. In addition to causing plant diseases on many crops such as cereals, oilseeds, tomatoes, apples and olives, some of these toxins are genotoxic in vitro and/or fetotoxic in rats. This opinion deals with alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether, tenuazonic acid, iso-tenuazonic acid, altertoxins, tentoxin, altenuene and AAL-toxins (Alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici toxins). Two Member States provided 11,730 occurrence results in food and also data published in the scientific literature were considered. Generally these toxins were found in grains and grain-based products, tomato and tomato products, sunflower seeds and sunflower oil, fruits and fruit products, and beer and wine. The feed occurrence data (1150 results) were collected from the literature only. The knowledge on toxic effects of Alternaria toxins on farm and companion animals and occurrence data in feed were insufficient to assess the health risk for different species. For chicken there are indications that alternariol represents a health risk but it cannot be excluded that tenuazonic acid could also be of concern. Considering: (1) there are few or no relevant toxicity data on Alternaria toxins, (2) the chemical structure of several of them is known, (3) dietary exposure data exist for some of them, the Panel on Contaminants in the food chain used the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) approach to assess the relative level of concern for dietary exposure of humans to these mycotoxins. For the genotoxic Alternaria toxins, alternariol and alternariol monomethyl ether, the estimated chronic dietary exposure exceeded the relevant TTC value indicating a need for additional toxicity data. The dietary exposure estimates for nongenotoxic tentoxin and tenuazonic acid are lower than the relevant TTC value and are considered unlikely to be a human health concern. SUMMARYAlternaria toxins are mycotoxins produced by Alternaria species that cause plant diseases on many crops. They are the principal contaminating fungi in wheat, sorghum and barley, and have also been reported to occur in oilseeds such as sunflower and rapeseed, tomato, apples, citrus fruits, olives and several other fruits and vegetables. Alternaria alternata is the most common Alternaria species in harvested fruits and vegetables, and is the most important mycotoxin-producing species. Due to their growth even at low temperature, Alternaria species are also responsible for spoilage of these commodities during refrigerated transport and storage.Alternaria species produce more than 70 phytotoxins, but a small proportion of them have been chemically characterised and reported to act as mycotoxins to humans and animals. Some toxins such as alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), tenuazonic acid (TeA) and altertoxins (ATX) are described to induce harmful effects in animals, including fetotoxic and teratogenic effects. Culture extracts of A. altern...

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Section: Previously Reported Occurrence Results Of Alternaria Toxins mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chromatographic Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scientific Opinion on the risks for animal and public health related to the presence ofAlternariatoxins in feed and food

2011

EFSA Journal

410

188

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“…The use of the internal standard during the extraction and derivatization procedure greatly improved the recovery, which ranged between 104± 2.5 % and 108±1.6 % for tomato products. Without an internal standard the recovery was 79±11 % for different cereal matrices and 90±22 % for beer [53,54]. Different tomato products (n=16) from the German market were analysed for their content of TA with the SIDA developed.…”

Section: Tenuazonic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments in stable isotope dilution assays in mycotoxin analysis with special regard to Alternaria toxins

Asam

Rychlik

2015

Anal Bioanal Chem

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Stable isotope dilution assays (SIDAs) are becoming ever commoner in mycotoxin analysis, and the number of synthesized or commercially available isotopically labelled compounds has greatly increased in the 7 years since our last review dealing with this topic. Thus, this review is conceived as an update for new applications or improvements of SIDAs for compounds discussed earlier, but the main focus is on newly introduced labelled substances and the development of SIDAs for, for example, fusarin C, moniliformin or the enniatins. Mycotoxin research has concentrated on the emerging group of Alternaria toxins in recent years, and a series of SIDAs have been developed, including ones for tenuazonic acid, alternariol, altertoxins and tentoxin that are discussed in detail in this review. Information about synthetic routes, isotopic purity and mass-spectrometric characterization of labelled compounds is given, as well as about the development and validation of SIDAs and their application to foods, feeds or biological samples. As the number of commercially available labelled standards is increasing continuously, a general tendency for the use of analytical methods based on liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry capable of identifying a series of mycotoxins simultaneously ("multimethods") and using one or more labelled internal standards can be observed. An overview of these applications is given, thus demonstrating that SIDAs are increasingly being used in routine analysis.

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“…However, as TeA has highly acidic and metal complexing properties, a pre-column derivatization or stable isotope dilution assay should be undertaken to avoid interference (Hoevelmann et al, 2016;Siegel, Rasenko, Koch, & Nehis, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid detection of tenuazonic acid in cereal and fruit juice using a lateral-flow immunochromatographic assay strip

Kong

Liu

Song

et al. 2017

Food and Agricultural Immunology

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A lateral-flow immunochromatographic assay (ICA) strip was developed for determination of tenuazonic acid (TeA) using both semi-quantitative and quantitative methods. The ICA strip was based on produced anti-TeA monoclonal antibody, and could be used for TeA analysis in cereal and fruit juice, with visual limits of detection of 1600 ng/g and 400 ng/mL, and cut-off values of 6400 ng/g and 3200 ng/mL, respectively. The calculated limits of detection values were 126.4 ng/g and 65.3 ng/mL for wheat and apple juice samples, respectively. The recovery rates ranged from 90% to 129%. In summary, the developed strip was effective for TeA detection and would be suitable for on-site detection and rapid screening of samples. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Determination of the Alternaria mycotoxin tenuazonic acid in cereals by high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization ion-trap multistage mass spectrometry after derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine

Cited by 84 publications

References 46 publications

Scientific Opinion on the risks for animal and public health related to the presence ofAlternariatoxins in feed and food

Scientific Opinion on the risks for animal and public health related to the presence ofAlternariatoxins in feed and food

Recent developments in stable isotope dilution assays in mycotoxin analysis with special regard to Alternaria toxins

Rapid detection of tenuazonic acid in cereal and fruit juice using a lateral-flow immunochromatographic assay strip

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