Determination of the Biobased Content in Plastics by Radiocarbon

Quarta, Gianluca; Calcagnile, Lucio; Giffoni, Massimo; Braione, Eugenia; D’Elia, Marisa

doi:10.1017/s0033822200048748

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…These results show that the AMS measurement and the sample preparation techniques developed are precise enough to determine the biobased content of fuel blends in the range of 0–10% bio content. Quarta et al (2013) pointed out that δ 13 C mass fractionation correction for fossil/biogenic mixtures is complex and can give rise to problems when AMS technique is applied, however, when the biogenic content is lower than 10%, this gives only a negligible change in the uncertainty (Quarta et al 2013; Palstra et al 2014).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Precision Biogenic Fraction Analyses of Liquid Fuels by ¹⁴C AMS at HEKAL

et al. 2018

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The biocomponent ratio in liquid fuels as well as the usage of renewable resources for fuel consumption in the transport sector needs to be increased as a result of EU directive 2003/30/EC. Based on radiocarbon (14C) measurements, it should be relatively simple and fast to measure the weight percentage of the fossil and biological sources by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) as recommended in the ASTM D 6866-12 and EN 16640 standards. In this study, a relatively easy and fast sample preparation and measurement method based on AMS measurements was developed at the Hertelendi Laboratory of Environmental Studies (HEKAL) using reference samples from the Hungarian MOL Nyrt. oil company. Considering the recent EU regulation for mixing rates of liquid fuels in the transport sector (0.7–2% biofuel content) and the projected higher rates (2–10% biofuel content), the method is applicable to determine fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and/or hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) derived proportions of fuel blends with a 1σ uncertainty better than±0.3% m/m.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Precision Biogenic Fraction Analyses of Liquid Fuels by ¹⁴C AMS at HEKAL

et al. 2018

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“…In detail, the presence of 14 C in the bio-based materials is due to the fact that 14 C containing carbon dioxide formed in the atmosphere, participates in the photosynthetic processes from which the biomass derives. Thus, the 14 C content of biomass derived materials is the result, in a first approximation, of 14 C atmospheric levels [ 64 , 65 ]. 14 C measurements could be done by using Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) along with Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) or by using Liquid Scintillation Counting (LSC) techniques (ASTM International, 2020).…”

Section: Bioplastics: Definition and Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Polymeric Materials: A Solution to Plastic Pollution from the Agro-Food Sector

Pascale²,

et al. 2021

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Conventional petroleum-derived plastics represent a serious problem for global pollution because, when discarded in the environment, are believed to remain for hundreds of years. In order to reduce dependence on fossil resources, bioplastic materials are being proposed as safer alternatives. Bioplastics are bio-based and/or biodegradable materials, typically derived from renewable sources. Food waste as feedstock represents one of the recent applications in the research field of bioplastics production. To date, several food wastes have been used as raw materials for the production of bioplastics, including mostly fruit and vegetable wastes. The conversion of fruit and vegetable wastes into biomaterials could occur through simple or more complex processes. In some cases, biopolymers extracted from raw biomass are directly manufactured; on the other hand, the extracted biopolymers could be reinforced or used as reinforcing agents and/or natural fillers in order to obtain biocomposites. The present review covers available results on the application of methods used in the last 10 years for the design of biomaterials obtained from formulations made up with both fruits and vegetables by-products. Particular attention will be addressed to the waste pre-treatment, to the bioplastic formulation and to its processing, as well as to the mechanical and physical properties of the obtained materials.

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“…Indeed the correction should be performed by using the 13 d AMS;bio term, expressing the AMS-measured term for only the biogenic fraction of the mixture. This issue was already highlighted for the analysis of atmospheric carbon dioxide [25] or of plastic materials made of bio-fossil mixtures [13]. More recently Palstra and Meijer [23] performed a dedicated experiment by analysing mixtures of fossil and bio-derived gases and calculating the deviation from the real value of the calculated bio fraction as the result of the wrong mass fractionation correction.…”

Section: The Issue Of Mass Fractionation Correctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another field in which radiocarbon is gaining importance is related to the definition of proper experimental techniques for the measurements of the biogenic fraction in atmospheric CO 2 emissions from fixed industrial sources and in different kind of products such as bio-derived fuels and plastics [13]. Although such a kind of applications is surely not a novelty [14] they are gaining importance in the last years as the consequence of the general and increasing awareness of the issues related to global warming and the following strategies employed at the national and international level for the reduction of greenhouse gases emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%