Determination of the carbohydrate composition of wood pulps by gas chromatography of the alditol acetates

Crowell, E. P.; Burnett, B. B.

doi:10.1021/ac60245a006

Cited by 118 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…SX-17), coated with Captan and Malathion, were soaked in aerated tap water for 36 hr at 23 C with three changes of water. Seedlings were then germinated on damp vermiculite or coarse sand covered with 4 layers of damp towelling for 36 hr at 23 C in the dark. Normally, 25 excised root tips were incubated in the dark at 23 C in 10 ml of medium in 50-ml Erlenmeyer flasks shaken at 80 cycles/min in a reciprocating shaker.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the Secretion of Maize Root Cap Slime

Paull¹,

Johnson²,

Jones³

1975

Plant Physiol.

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The secreted slime from root cap cells of corn (Zea mays, cv. SX-17) was studied. Production of slime by excised root tips is stimulated by the addition of 40 mM sucrose or fucose and half-strength Hoagland's solution to the incubation medium.Secreted slime was recovered from aqueous solution by precipitation with ethanol. The polymer has a molecular weight greater than 2 X 10-8 daltons and a density of 1.63 g cm-'. Protein is not present in material purified by density gradient centrifugation with cesium chloride. Fucose (39 %) and galactose (30%) are the principle neutral sugars found in the purified polymer. Galacturonic and glucuronic acids, arabinose, xylose, mannose, and glucose are also present.Several investigators have studied the mucilage or slime secreted by corn roots, but there is limited agreement on the chemical composition and properties of this secretion (9,10,13,14). This could result from differences between the varieties of corn studied or from variations in culture methods or purification procedures. Before analyzing the secreted polysaccharide produced by roots of cultivar SX-17 of Zea mays, we undertook a detailed study of the culture conditions required for production of the material. We report results of our investigation into the production of the secreted polysaccharide and some of the chemical and physical characteristics of the purified polymer. MgSOJ, 25 jam boric acid, 40 mm sucrose or fucose, 20 jug/ml of chloramphenicol, and 5 jug/ml of streptomycin. In those experiments using entire seedlings rather than excised root tips, the primary root was passed through a hole in a plastic support into the standard incubation medium in a 50-ml beaker. Root tips were excised at the end of the incubation and retained for analysis.The incubation was terminated by making the medium to 80% (v/v) ethanol by the addition of absolute alcohol and keeping it at 4 C for a minimum of 12 hr. The precipitated material and root tips were collected together on glass fiber discs (Whatman GF/C) previously heated at 500 C for 1 hr to remove any carbohydrate (10). The material was washed five times with 95% (v/v) alcohol to remove soluble sugars. The samples were then dried and transferred to 20-X 150-mm culture tubes with Teflon-lined screw caps. The internal standard, normally 2 or 4 mg of myoinositol, was added. Then the sample was hydrolyzed and alditol acetates were prepared as described below.The secretory product from root tips of whole seedlings was collected in two ways. The material designated as crude material was collected by wiping the root tip onto a 2.5-cm diameter glass fiber filter disc (Whatman GF/C, heated for 1 hr at 500 C). Discs carrying the adhering material were dried over anhydrous magnesium perchlorate in a vacuum desiccator. Material to be purified was prepared by aspirating the secreted material from the root tip and collecting it in a test tube. There it was diluted with glass-distilled H20 to reduce its viscosity, and it was centrifuged at 20,000g for 30 min to remove sl...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the Secretion of Maize Root Cap Slime

Paull¹,

Johnson²,

Jones³

1975

Plant Physiol.

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“…Activity of the stock a-amylase on a suspension of oat starch was also determined. A suspension of oat starch prepared from oat seed endosperm, 100 mg in 10 The predominant wall sugars released by hydrolysis with 2 N trifluoroacetic acid were xylose, arabinose, and glucose (Table I). There was a smaller amount of galactose.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auxin-induced Changes in Avena Coleoptile Cell Wall Composition

Loescher¹,

Nevins²

1972

Plant Physiol.

142

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Sugar and uronic acid residues were derived from wall polysaccharides of oat (Avena sativa, var. Victory) coleoptiles by means of 2 N trifluoroacetic acid, 72% sulfuric acid, or enzymic hydrolysis. The products of hydrolysis were reduced and acetylated to form alditol acetates which were analyzed using gas chromatography. Time-course studies of auxin-promoted changes in Wiegand and Schrank (31). Seeds were dehulled, placed in distilled water at room temperature for 4 hr, then spread on the surface of distilled water-saturated vermiculite in plastic vegetable crispers with lids. Crispers with seeds were placed in dim red light for 48 hr, then transferred to darkness for 24 hr. Temperature ranged from 22 to 24 C. After a total of 73 to 76 hr, 25-to 30-mm coleoptiles were selected, and the primary leaf was removed. Beginning 3 mm from the tip, a 10-mm section was cut using a double-bladed cutting device. All manipulations were performed in dim green light. After cutting, sections were floated on distilled water for 30 min prior to treatment.Treatment of Sections. Treatments involved incubating 10 to 30 coleoptile sections in the dark in 43-X 20-mm Stender dishes containing 5 or 10 ml of 2.5 mM potassium citrate, pH 5.4. In some experiments, the dishes also contained either 50 mM glucose or 12.5 /M IAA, or both IAA and glucose. The rims of the dishes were coated with petrolatum to prevent evaporation. The dishes were placed in a Dubnoff shaker at 26 C, 60 oscillations per min. After treatment, sections were measured to the nearest 0.1 mm using a 10 x dissecting microscope fitted with an ocular micrometer and stored at -24 C. For a single experiment coleoptile sections from two or three replicates run on different days were pooled for preparation of wall samples and analyses.Preparation of Wail Samples. Wall samples were prepared using a technique adapted from that of Ray (19). Frozen sections were placed between two 10-X 10-cm pieces of plate glass, thawed, then crushed by a force of approximately 0.5 kg per cm2 applied manually. The crushed material was washed into a fritted glass funnel (medium porosity) with 10 ml of distilled water at room temperature. The water was rapidly sucked off, and the water wash was repeated twice more. Five ml of acetone were added to the sample, allowed to stand with occasional swirling for 5 min, and then removed by suction. The acetone extraction was repeated twice more. The residue was then similarly extracted three times, 5 min each, with 5 ml 556 www.plantphysiol.org on May 12, 2018 -Published by Downloaded from

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“…The composition of neutral monosaccharide was measured by gas chromatography (GC). Briefly, the polysaccharide was hydrolyzed with 2 mol/L trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) at 100 °C for 6 h, and then the hydrolysates were converted into their alditol acetates according to conventional protocols (Crowell and Burnett, 1967). These alditol acetates were analyzed to determine the polysaccharide components in Thermo Quest Trace GC 2000 using a HP-5 fused silica column.…”

Section: Components Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary studies on the chemical characterization and antioxidant properties of acidic polysaccharides from Sargassum fusiforme

Zhou

Yalin

et al. 2008

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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Abstract:In order to investigate the antioxidant properties of the polysaccharides from the brown alga Sargassum fusiforme, the crude polysaccharides from S. fusiforme (SFPS) were extracted in hot water, and the lipid peroxidation inhibition assay exhibited that SFPS possessed a potential antioxidant activity. Hence, two purely polymeric fractions, SFPS-1 and SFPS-2 were isolated by the column of DEAE (2-diethylaminoethanol)-Sepharose Fast Flow, with their molecular weights of 51.4 and 30.3 kDa determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). They were preliminarily characterized using chemical analysis in combination of infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies and found to contain large amounts of uronic acids and β-glycosidical linkages. The antioxidant activities of these two SFPS fractions were evaluated using superoxide and hydroxyl radical-scavenging assays. The results show that the antioxidant ability of SFPS-2 was higher than that of SFPS-1, probably correlating with the molecular weight and uronic acid content.

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Determination of the carbohydrate composition of wood pulps by gas chromatography of the alditol acetates

Cited by 118 publications

References 8 publications

Studies on the Secretion of Maize Root Cap Slime

Studies on the Secretion of Maize Root Cap Slime

Auxin-induced Changes in Avena Coleoptile Cell Wall Composition

Preliminary studies on the chemical characterization and antioxidant properties of acidic polysaccharides from Sargassum fusiforme

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