Determination of the concentrations of the steroids estradiol, progesterone and testosterone in bovine sera: comparison of commercial dissociation enhanced lanthanide fluorescence immunoassay kits with conventional radio and enzyme immunoassays

Elliott, Christopher T.; Francis, Kathyrn S.; Shortt, H D; McCaughey, W.J.

doi:10.1039/an9952001827

Cited by 29 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…By contrast, other published studies on pregnant women have described no false-positive results (1,2,(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). It is conceivable that fetal cells remain and proliferate in the maternal circulation or are engrafted in maternal organs after delivery and that this proliferation is suppressed again in a subsequent pregnancy.…”

contrasting

confidence: 41%

Serum Testosterone in Women as Measured by an Automated Immunoassay and a RIA

Torjesen

Sandnes

2004

Clinical Chemistry

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contrasting

confidence: 41%

Serum Testosterone in Women as Measured by an Automated Immunoassay and a RIA

Torjesen

Sandnes

2004

Clinical Chemistry

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“…This technique allowed the detection of steroid hormones at the action limit of 2 g kg −1 . Based on recent literature, there are a lot of publications on the application of immuno-assays for the detection of steroid hormones in urine [80][81][82][83][84] but routine application for steroid hormones in edible matrices of animal origin is, based on available literature, to date sparse. It also has to be stressed that binding assays represent potential screening methods but need to be confirmed by chromatographic separation methods such as f.i.…”

Section: Methods For Steroid Hormone Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel analytical methods for the determination of steroid hormones in edible matrices

Noppe

Bizec

Verheyden

et al. 2008

Analytica Chimica Acta

162

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“…Figure 4. Reactive DESI analysis using carbowax-divinylbezene SPME fiber for prior sampling; (A) raw urine samples without added steroids and (B) with androsterone hemisuccinate, 5R-androstan-3 ,17 -diol-16-one and epitestosterone spiked at a concentration of 20 ng/mL each (without background subtraction).…”

Section: Ac0711079mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Screening of Anabolic Steroids in Urine by Reactive Desorption Electrospray Ionization

et al. 2007

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Fast screening for anabolic steroids in whole urine is achieved by combining reactive desorption electrospray ionization (reactive DESI) and tandem mass spectrometry. Spray solutions containing hydroxylamine allow heterogeneous reactions of hydroxylamine with the carbonyl group of the steroids during the ionization process. Seven steroids, including a glycosteroid, were examined. The ion/molecule reaction adduct and the oxime formed via its dehydration were observed using reactive DESI; the protonated and sodiated forms of the ionized steroid were also observed both in reactive DESI and in DESI performed without the added hydroxylamine reagent. Paper, glass, and polytetrafluoroethylene were tested as sample substrates, but the glycosteroid was ionized intact without hydrolysis only from polytetrafluoroethylene. Limits of detection for the pure compounds were less than 1 ng, dynamic ranges were typically 2 orders of magnitude, and analysis times were just a few seconds. Concentration levels of ketosteroids in raw urine relevant to screening for sports doping (approximately 20 ng/mL) can be reached using a simple solid-phase microextraction (SPME) preconcentration step. Reactive DESI provided significant improvements in ionization efficiency of these steroids in raw undiluted urine as compared to conventional DESI; suppression effects due to the sample matrix were minimal and the urine matrix had no deleterious effect on steroid detection limits. Tandem mass spectrometry provided confirmation of analyte identification in this rapid screening process.Anabolic steroids have been used increasingly by athletes to alter muscle mass 1 and to enhance performance. 2 Significant effort has been put into the development of analytical methods for anabolic steroids in urine to control such drug abuse. Methods ranging from thin layer chromatography, 3 through radioimmuno assays 4 to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, 5 have been implemented for steroid screening. However, the accepted analytical method for anabolic steroids and/or their metabolites has long been gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), 6-13 due to the highly specific and quantitative information it provides. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has also been applied successfully. [14][15][16][17][18] Because of the complexity of the urine sample, standard sample preparation procedures 19 include multiple steps of sample extraction, hydrolysis, and derivatization. 20,21 Although the final step of analysis by mass spectrometry takes little time, the sample preparation steps are usually both time-consuming and labor intensive. Because more rapid screening of the steroids in urine is highly desirable, the screening method for steroids in raw urine reported here consists of only two simple steps: (i) a drop of urine is placed on the substrate and (ii) mass spectra are recorded by spraying the J. Chromatogr., B 1997, 704, 129-141. (11) Wolthers, B. G.; Kraan, G. P. B. J. Chromatogr., A 1999, 843, 247-274. (12)

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Determination of the concentrations of the steroids estradiol, progesterone and testosterone in bovine sera: comparison of commercial dissociation enhanced lanthanide fluorescence immunoassay kits with conventional radio and enzyme immunoassays

Cited by 29 publications

References 2 publications

Serum Testosterone in Women as Measured by an Automated Immunoassay and a RIA

Serum Testosterone in Women as Measured by an Automated Immunoassay and a RIA

Novel analytical methods for the determination of steroid hormones in edible matrices

Rapid Screening of Anabolic Steroids in Urine by Reactive Desorption Electrospray Ionization

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