Serum Testosterone in Women as Measured by an Automated Immunoassay and a RIA

Torjesen, Peter A.; Sandnes, Liv

doi:10.1373/clinchem.2003.027565

Cited by 41 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…We, and others, 38,39 have observed gender-specific differences in the serum concentration ranges of individual hormones and other biomarkers. Gender effects have been specifically noted for biomarkers on the MDDScore panel, including prolactin, 40,41 The association between obesity and depression has repeatedly been established.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

MDDScore

Bilello¹,

Thurmond²,

Smith³

et al. 2015

J. Clin. Psychiatry

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Background: Previously, a biomarker panel was developed for use as an aid to major depressive disorder (MDD) diagnosis; it consisted of 9 biomarkers associated with the neurotrophic, metabolic, inflammatory, and hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal axis pathways. This panel and associated algorithm produced good clinical sensitivity and specificity (92% and 81%, respectively) in differentiating MDD patients from individuals without MDD. To further validate the panel, we performed a prospective study using a larger set of new prospectively acquired MDD patients and a similarly collected population of nondepressed subjects. The addition of gender and body mass index (BMI) effects to the algorithm was also evaluated.Method: Blood samples were obtained from MDD patients (n = 68) clinically evaluated at multiple sites in 2011 and 2012 using standard psychiatric assessment tools and structured clinical interviews according to DSM-IV criteria. Blood samples (n = 86) from nondepressed subjects were obtained as controls. MDD and nondepressed samples were randomized into independent training (n = 102) and validation sets (n = 52). Analytes in sera were quantified by immunoassay. Results:Training set biomarker data were used to develop a logistic regression model that included gender and BMI in a manner that allowed for their interaction with the biochemical analytes. For the training set, the sensitivity and specificity of the test (with 95% CI) were 93% (0.80-0.98) and 95% (0.85-0.99), respectively. This method (designated the MDDScore) was then applied to the independent validation set and had a sensitivity and specificity of 96% (0.77-0.98) and 86% (0.66-0.95), respectively. The overall accuracy for the training set was 94%; the validation set accuracy was 91%. Conclusion:Examination of a randomized independent set of samples confirms the ability of the previously established biomarker panel to identify persons with MDD; the accuracy was over 90%. The improved model that adds gender and BMI to the previously established panel of 9 biomarkers is robust and simple; it provides the most rigorously tested, objective diagnostic test for MDD to date.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

MDDScore

Bilello¹,

Thurmond²,

Smith³

et al. 2015

J. Clin. Psychiatry

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“…At the age of 75, testosterone levels are approximately decreased by 30%, compared to peak levels (Deslypere and Vermeulen, 1984; Muller et al, 2003). In adult women, circulating testosterone concentrations are approximately 10 times as low as in men (Torjesen and Sandnes, 2004) and likewise decrease with age (Yasui et al, 2012). Circulating testosterone can be bound to carrier proteins but also exist in an unbound form, which is normally referred to as free testosterone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle specific miRNAs are induced by testosterone and independently upregulated by age

Nielsen¹,

Hvid²,

Kelly³

et al. 2014

Front. Physiol.

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Age dependent decline in skeletal muscle function leads to impaired metabolic flexibility in elderly individuals. Physical activity and testosterone treatment have proven efficient strategies for delaying this condition. However, a common molecular pathway has not been identified. Muscle specific miRNAs (myomiRs) regulate metabolic pathways in skeletal muscle, are regulated by physical activity, and have response elements for testosterone in their promoter region. We therefore hypothesized that myomiRs would be regulated in skeletal muscle during aging. We further investigated any potential gender-dependent regulation of these miRNAs. We found that the myomiRs miR-1, miR-133a, and miR-133b were increased in skeletal muscle of elderly men compared to younger men. In addition, miR-133a/133b expression was markedly higher in women compared to men. Elimination of circulating testosterone in men was associated with lower levels of miR-133a and miR-133b. A positive regulatory effect of testosterone on miR-133a/133b expression was confirmed in castrated male C57BL/6J mice and in a model of primary human myocytes. Yet, an improvement of fitness level in the testosterone depleted men resulted in a down-regulation of miR133a/b. In conclusion, alterations in fitness level and circulating testosterone seem to represent two independent regulatory events where testosterone is a specific regulator of miR-133a/b expression.

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“…Women have higher pain ratings, lower thresholds, and reduced tolerance to noxious stimuli than men . This indicates that testosterone may be responsible for gender differences in pain sensitivity because on average, testosterone levels in adult men are about 7–10 times higher than those in adult women . In our previous study, pain and unpleasantness ratings were significantly higher in women than in men .…”

mentioning

confidence: 77%