Determination of the DDE and PCB contents of peregrine Falcon eggs: A comparison of whole egg measurements and estimates derived from eggshell membranes

Peakal, David B.; Lew, Thomas S.; Springer, Alan M.; Ip, Wayman Walker; Risebrough, Robert W.; Monk, J. Geoffrey; Jarman, Walter M.; Walton, Brian J.; Reynolds, L. M.; Fyfe, Richard W.; Kiff, Lloyd F.

doi:10.1007/bf01056547

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The instability of DDE levels in Condor eggshell fragments came as a surprise, as a previous study comparing concentrations of DDE in whole‐egg contents and eggshell membranes in the Peregrine Falcon yielded excellent agreement in values, even when membranes were analysed 12–13 years after whole‐egg contents were analysed (Peakall et al . 1983).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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California Condors and DDE: a re‐evaluation

Snyder¹,

Meretsky

2002

Ibis

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Eggshells of wild California Condors Gymnogyps californianus were much thinner in the 1960s, when DDT was used heavily, than during earlier pre‐DDT and later reduced‐DDT periods. However, eggshell thickness was more strongly linked to egg size (mass) than to measured levels of p,p′DDE (the primary metabolite of DDT). Egg size was consistent within individual females and yielded correlation coefficients with shell thickness ranging from 0.49 to 0.97, depending on the period and the analysis assumptions used. Measured DDE levels, although often substantial, provided only a weak correlation (r = −0.33) with shell thickness. In part, the absence of a strong DDE/thickness correlation may have been an artefact of losses of DDE from fragment membranes over time. Nevertheless, the extreme (28–29%) shell thinning of the 1960s was not linked with clearly increased egg‐breakage or nest‐failure rates, and one female of the 1980s with 25.6% shell thinning was the most productive female of her era. Some eggs with over 30% shell thinning hatched successfully, and broken eggs closely resembled hatched eggs in shell thickness, strongly suggesting that shell thinning was not an important cause of breakage. The apparent absence of harmful effects from the extreme shell thinning of the 1960s may have resulted from (1) the fact that historic pre‐DDT condor eggs were on average 16.7% thicker shelled for their mass than predicted by the overall egg mass/shell thickness curve for birds, and (2) a possible egg‐size decline or sampling bias toward small‐egged females in the 1960s. That DDE was an important cause of the Condor's decline appears unlikely from overall available data.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DDE analyses were run in part by David Peakall at the Laboratories of the Canadian Wildlife Service (NWRC) in Ottawa, Canada, and in part by Walter Jarman at the Bodega Bay Marine Laboratory (BBML) in Berkeley, California, and followed procedures described earlier by Kiff et al . (1979) and Peakall et al . (1983).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

California Condors and DDE: a re‐evaluation

Snyder¹,

Meretsky

2002

Ibis

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“…Organochlorine pesticides have long residence times in tissues and are associated with the lipid fraction (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). Nicarbazin does not have long residence times in tissues.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is debate in the literature regarding the passive versus active transport of organochlorine pesticides into and through the chorioallantoic membrane (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of 4,4‘-Dinitrocarbanilide (DNC), a Component of Nicarbazin, in Canada Goose (Branta canadensis) Eggshells Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Stahl

VerCauteren

Buettgenbach

et al. 2003

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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A method was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography to assay 4,4′-dinitrocarbanilide (DNC), the active ingredient in Nicarbazin, in eggshells collected from Canada geese fed a formulated feed fortified with Nicarbazin at doses of 0, 125, 250, and 500 µg/g. The method was developed using chicken eggshells fortified with DNC. The method was used to quantify DNC in both the shell-associated membranes and the calcified shell extracellular matrix. These values were compared to those obtained for a composite sample consisting of both the membranes and the calcified shell extracellular matrix. The validated method was used to quantify DNC in eggshells from geese fed fortified feed to ascertain the effect of Nicarbazin feed concentration on shell DNC concentration. DNC levels in the eggshells were highly correlated with feed dose.

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Polychlorinated biphenyls in eggs and chorioallantoic membranes of American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) from coastal South Carolina

Cobb

Wood

O`Quinn

1997

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-Assessing chemical exposure in threatened or endangered wildlife species presents unique analytical problems. Chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs) have been proposed as surrogate tissues for evaluation of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure in oviparous species. Research was undertaken to determine the extent of PCB accumulation in alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) at sites along the coast of South Carolina and to evaluate the utility of CAMs as surrogate tissues for determining PCB concentrations in whole alligator eggs. Polychlorinated biphenyls were found in eggs and CAMs of alligators from both sites examined. Concentrations of PCBs were higher in CAMs (p ϭ 0.02) and eggs (p ϭ 0.001) from sites known to contain chlorinated hydrocarbons than from more pristine sites. Total PCBs partitioned predictably (r 2 Ͼ 0.59; p Ͻ 0.02) between egg and CAM tissues indicating the utility of CAMs to serve as surrogate tissues when comparing total PCB concentrations in whole eggs. Tetrachloro through octachloro biphenyl homologues and total PCBs in CAMs from reference areas were correlated with concentrations of these homologues in eggs. At contaminated sites, total PCB concentrations in CAMs were correlated with total PCB concentrations in eggs.

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Determination of the DDE and PCB contents of peregrine Falcon eggs: A comparison of whole egg measurements and estimates derived from eggshell membranes

Cited by 18 publications

References 13 publications

California Condors and DDE: a re‐evaluation

California Condors and DDE: a re‐evaluation

Determination of 4,4‘-Dinitrocarbanilide (DNC), a Component of Nicarbazin, in Canada Goose (Branta canadensis) Eggshells Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Polychlorinated biphenyls in eggs and chorioallantoic membranes of American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) from coastal South Carolina

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