Determination of the Influence of Heavy Athletics on the Manifestation of Physical Qualities of Students 1–4 Years of Higher Education Institutions

Abstract

The dependence on the influence of weightlifting classes on the manifestation of general physical fitness of students of 1-4 courses of higher education institutions was established. Research was conducted at the Institute of Higher Education of the Kharkiv National Automobile and Road University in the city of Kharkiv. To solve the task, a group of 30 students was formed, who systematically practiced in the strength sports section, in particular weightlifting. The age of the test subjects was 18-21 years, the experience of continuous training in kettlebell sports sections was 3.5-5.5 years. As a pedagogical test to determine the level of motor capabilities of students of the 1st-4th year involved in weightlifting, we have selected exercises that are appropriate to use at these stages of training. Testing of general physical fitness in the training process took place with the use of general preparatory exercises: running for 30 m; for 1000 m; shuttle run 4×9 m, s; hanging on bent arms, s; long jump from a standing position, cm; hand dynamometry; bending the body forward from a sitting position. As a result of testing motor qualities using non-specific exercises for weightlifting, it was found that indicators improve every year in all exercises (p<0.05-0.001). A significant increase was observed in the period from the 1st to the 3rd course by 14.2 s (t=3.82; p<0.001), from the 1st to the 4th course by 25.2 s (t=6.81; p<0.001) and from the 3 4 courses for 11.0 s (t=3.01; p<0.01). As for the second 30 m running test, for the entire time of studies from 1 to 4, the course increased reliably to 3. 7±0.08 s (t=5.64; p<0.001), the study of the indicators of the shuttle run 4x9 m showed that with 1 to 4 course, the result increased by 0.7 s (t=3.88; p<0.001) when testing static strength (stand on bent arms) in the period from 1 to 3 course (t=3.64; p<0 .01), from 2 to 3 course (t=2.26; p<0.05), from 2 to 4 course (t=3.27; p<0.01) and from 1 to 4 course (t= 4.41; p<0.001). Subsequent standing long jump testing showed that the result was 250.5 cm at the end of the study (t=6.80; p<0.001). A steady increase in standing long jump results indicates well-developed thigh muscles in weightlifting students. Studies of hand dynamometry of weightlifters of the 1st-4th year showed that from the 1st to the 4th year the result improved by 8.7 kg (t=3.51; p<0.01). The results presented in this work show, however, that the training process of students from the 1st to the 4th course was carried out correctly and had high reliability in all indicators of general physical fitness.