Determination of the K absorption edge energy of Ho in element and its compounds using the bremsstrahlung technique

Abstract

The K shell binding energies of Ho in element and in compounds Ho2O3 and HoF3 have been measured for the first time by adopting a novel method. The method involves a weak beta source, an external bremsstrahlung (EB) converter, element and compound targets and a high-resolution HPGe detector coupled to a 16K multichannel analyser. A spectrum of continuous EB photons, produced by the interaction of beta particles from a 90Sr–90Y radioactive source with an iron foil, is allowed to pass through the element and compound targets of Ho. The spectrum of transmitted EB photons is measured with a high-resolution HPGe detector spectrometer. The transmitted spectrum shows a sudden drop in intensity at K shell binding energy of the target. Such a sudden drop, which is essentially due to the onset of the K shell photoelectric effect, has been used to determine the K shell binding energy of Ho in element. The K shell binding energies of Ho in Ho2O3 and HoF3 compounds have also been determined using the same technique. From these data, the chemical shift in the K shell binding energy has been measured. It is found to be positive for Ho2O3 and negative for HoF3, indicating the dependence of the chemical shift on the crystal structure.

Effect of chemical environment on L subshell fluorescence yields using synchrotron radiation

“…When an atom is in chemical environment, the type of chemical bonding, the oxidation state and coordination number would shift binding energy as well as x-ray emission lines of the atom. Niranjana et al [5][6] have studied the effect of chemical environment on K shell binding energy of Ag and Sn, and Ho and its compounds using bremsstrahlung radiation. They have shown that the shift in K shell binding energy depends on crystal structure.…”

Determination of K shell absorption parameters for some lanthanides using the X-ray attenuation method

“…Niranjana et al [31] obtained the K absorption edge energies of Ag and Sn elements using a weak beta source with high resolution HPGe detector spectrometer coupled to 16K multichannel analyzer. Niranjana and Badiger [32] measured the K shell binding energies of Ho in element and in compounds Ho 2 O 3 and HoF 3 for the first time by adopting a novel method. The method involves a weak beta source, an external bremsstrahlung converter, element and compound targets and a high resolution HPGe detector coupled to a 16K multichannel analyzer.…”