Determination of the phenolic metabolites of carbofuran in plant and animal matrices by gas chromatography of their 2,4-dinitrophenyl ether derivatives

Cook, Ronald F.; Jackson, John E.; Shuttleworth, John M.; Fullmer, O. H.; Fujie, Glenn H.

doi:10.1021/jf60213a033

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Treated, dry hop cones contained less than 0.05 ppm of all chemicals, except 3-keto-7-phenol, which was found at 0.12 f 0.02 ppm, and 3,7-diol, which was found at 0.07 k 0.01 ppm (Figs. [2][3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of carbofuran and its metabolites by gas‐liquid chromatography in green and dry hops

Archer

Chu

Engebretson

1988

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Processed hop cones (Humulus americanus) are an important flavoring component in beer, and it is possible that carbofuran and its metabolites could be found in treated hops and thus in beer. Hop cones were treated with 1.12 kg/ha active ingredient carbofuran (2, 3‐dihydro‐2, 2‐dimethyl‐7‐benzofuranyl‐N‐methyl carbamate) for the control of root weevils (Otiorhynchus sulcatus, O. ovatus). The carbamates in the cones were determined using gas‐liquid chromatography (GLC) and a thermionic specific detector. The percent recoveries for the carbamates ranged from 88.7 ± 5.3 to 95.3 ± 6.3% (green hops) and from 88.6 ± 12.3 to 98.0 ± 5.0% (dry hops). The phenolic metabolites were analyzed as their 2, 4‐dinitrophenol ether derivatives, using GLC with an electron capture detector. The percent recoveries ranged from 85.0 ± 5.8 to 88.3 ± 8.5% (green hops) and from 80.3 ± 4.4 to 95.3 ± 3.0% (dry hops). The GLC procedure was sensitive to 0.05 ppm. Control samples in all cases contained less than 0.05 ppm and green, treated hop cones had residues of less than 0.05 ppm. Dry treated hop cones contained less than 0.05 ppm of all chemicals, except 3‐keto‐7‐phenol (0.12 ppm) and the 3,7‐diol (0.07 ppm). Although the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has not established tolerance levels for carbofuran and its metabolites in hop cones, the present investigation shows that residue levels on green and dry hop cones are well below the EPA's tolerances for carbofuran in other commodities.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diol was ethoxylated to protect the 3-hydroxy position and produce 3-ethoxy-7-phenol for satisfactory monosubstitution derivatization to 3ethoxy-7-DNPE [ 5 ] . Forty milliliters of absolute alcohol was added to the cleaned-up diol and it was again concentrated to 10 ml.…”

Section: 7-diol: Ethoxylationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of carbofuran and its metabolites by gas‐liquid chromatography in green and dry hops

Archer

Chu

Engebretson

1988

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…The procedure described by Leppert et al (1983) was followed for extracting carbofuran residues. The residues were subjected to derivatisation as per Cook et al (1977) using 1 per cent 1fluoro 2,4-dinitrobenzene (FDNB) reactant solution for final determination. Quinalphos and phorate residues were extracted from twenty gram of soil mixed with 10% acetone in distilled water using a mechanical shaker.…”

Section: Residue Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Degradation Pattern of Soil Applied Insecticides

Krishnan¹,

Regupathy²,

Raghavan³

2006

2006 CSBE/SCGAB, Edmonton, AB Canada, July 16-19, 2006

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The degradation pattern of soil applied insecticides was studied in the field during main (April-June) and autumn (July-September) seasons. Samples were collected from potato field treated with carbofuran (1.0 kg a.i./ha), quinalphos (1.25 kg a.i./ha) and phorate (2.5 kg a.i./ha),the commonly used insecticides to combat the major soil pests like cutworms Agrotis ipsilon (Hfn), white grubs Holotrichia sp., tuber moth Pthorimaea operculella(Zeller) and golden cyst nematode Globodera rostochinensis (Wollenweber). The rate of initial dissipation in carbofuran was 32.0 per cent in first 15 days of application in main season and up to 51.4 per cent at 30 days of application in autumn. A 70.0 per cent reduction in the initial deposit was observed for quinalphos residues up to 30 days in both seasons. The initial loss is more in phorate which declined to an extent of >80.0 per cent on day 15 in both seasons. For all the three insecticides studied the residues reached below detectable limit on 90 days after application. The respective half life values for carbofuran, quinalphos and phorate were 15.06, 14.14 and 6.99 during main season and 15.97, 12.67 and 14.17 days during autumn seasons. The degradation pattern followed first order kinetics for all three insecticides applied during both season. Papers presented before CSBE/SCGAB meetings are considered the property of the Society. In general, the Society reserves the right of first publication of such papers, in complete form; however, CSBE/SCGAB has no objections to publication, in condensed form, with credit to the Society and the author, in other publications prior to use in Society publications. Permission to publish a paper in full may be requested from the CSBE/SCGAB Secretary,

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“…Methods usually employed for the determination of carbofuran in different matrices involve the use of chromatographic techniques. Gas chromatography has been employed both for the direct analysis of carbofuran2–7 and also after a previous derivatization step to obtain high temperature‐resistant compounds 8–10. Liquid chromatography has been frequently used with11–20 or without21–27 post‐column reaction detection for the determination of carbofuran.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of carbofuran in pesticide formulations by flow injection spectrophotometry

2000

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A¯ow injection spectrophotometric method for the determination of carbofuran in commercial pesticide formulations was developed. The determination involves on-line hydrolysis of the extracted carbofuran at room temperature with sodium hydroxide. The resulting carbofuran-phenol is coupled with diazotized 4-aminobenzoic acid in order to achieve an appropriate selectivity and sensitivity for the spectrophotometric measurements. The calibration curve is linear over the range 1± 10 mg litre À1 of carbofuran. The proposed method has a detection limit of 0.15 mg litre À1 of carbofuran and a sample frequency of 120 injections per hour. The relative standard deviation of six independent determinations of a sample containing 1 mg litre À1 carbofuran was 0.6%. The suitability of the proposed procedure for the determination of carbofuran in commercial pesticide formulations was studied. The procedure provides results comparable to those obtained by liquid chromatographic analysis.

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Determination of the phenolic metabolites of carbofuran in plant and animal matrices by gas chromatography of their 2,4-dinitrophenyl ether derivatives

Cited by 23 publications

References 5 publications

Investigation of carbofuran and its metabolites by gas‐liquid chromatography in green and dry hops

Investigation of carbofuran and its metabolites by gas‐liquid chromatography in green and dry hops

The Degradation Pattern of Soil Applied Insecticides

Determination of carbofuran in pesticide formulations by flow injection spectrophotometry

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