Determination of the purity of bismuth and bismuth oxide by atomic absorption spectrometry

Determination of chlorine in bismuth and bismuth oxide by atomic absorption spectrometry and laser mass spectrometry

“…The confidence intervals indicated in Tables 1 and 2 for the average weight fraction of the impurities were calculated as ΔC = ±t P n × where t P, n is Student's t for a given confidence probability P and n parallel determinations (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9), and s is the standard deviation of convergence.…”

“…The chlorination of bismuth is necessary for removing elemental impurities that have a stronger affinity for chlorine than does bismuth (Pb, Fe, Zn, and others) [8], but this step increases the chlorine content of the metal and, hence, that of the oxide. The use of pure bismuth oxide in high temperature crystal growth leads to release of chlorine, which damages platinum crucibles and, penetrating the crystals, affects their properties.…”

“…In previous studies [6,8,[12][13][14], electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was used to analyze bismuth and bismuth oxide for a number of technologically important impurities: Cr, Cu, Fe, and others. Cl -,…”

Analysis of high-purity bismuth oxide by atomic absorption spectrometry with reactive distillation of the matrix

“…Procedures for the direct determination of impuri ties in bismuth oxide were described in [6][7][8][9]. Analysis by atomic emission spectrometry with spectrum exci tation in a direct current arc (DCA AES) [6] ensured the determination of impurities with rather high limits of detection, 10 -5 -10 -2 wt %; matrix effects were also observed.…”

“…Analysis by atomic emission spectrometry with spectrum exci tation in a direct current arc (DCA AES) [6] ensured the determination of impurities with rather high limits of detection, 10 -5 -10 -2 wt %; matrix effects were also observed. Previously we have demonstrated the possi bility of using electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry (ETA AAS) for the determi nation of impurities in bismuth and its oxide and pro posed a procedure for the direct determination of Ag, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Te in these objects by ETA AAS with the limits of detection 10 -7 -10 -5 wt % [7][8][9]. This procedure was used to assess the degree of bismuth purity at the stages of refinement and oxida tion of a number of technologically important impuri ties [10].…”