Determination of the residue levels of nicarbazin and combination nicarbazin-narasin in broiler chickens after oral administration

Abstract

The depletion times of the anticoccidial nicarbazin administered individually and of nicarbazin and narasin administered in combination were evaluated by determining the presence and levels of 4,4'-dinitrocarbanilide (DNC), the marker residue for nicarbazin, and narasin residues in the muscle tissues of broiler chickens subjected to a pharmacological treatment. A high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was used. The results showed the presence of all anticoccidial residues; however, the DNC levels were higher when the nicarbazin was administered individually than when it was used in association with narasin throughout the experimental period. After six days of withdrawal, the DNC level following nicarbazin administration alone was lower than the maximum residue level (MRL) of 200 μg kg-1. However, when the nicarbazin was co-administered with narasin, the concentrations of DNC were lower than the MRL after four days of withdrawal. These results may be justified because the dosage of nicarbazin, when administrated individually, is greater than when it is used in combination with narasin. The levels of narasin were lower than the MRL of 15 μg kg-1 throughout the evaluation period. It was concluded that nicarbazin is rapidly metabolized from the broiler muscles up to six days of withdrawal since the DNC levels were lower than the maximum residue level (MRL) and the concentrations of narasin were lower than the MRL throughout the evaluation period.

Degradation of 4,4′-Dinitrocarbanilide in Chicken Breast by Thermal Processing

“…Deposition in raw meat ( n = 6) from broilers raised in different groups were on average: 1,413 μg/kg (group A); 1,088 μg/kg (group B); 808 μg/kg (group C); 979 μg/kg (group D); and 2,137 μg/kg (group E). Such residue deposition is well recognized because studies proved that DNC component is eliminated partially in chicken excretes, while another part of this substance deposits in organs and muscles. , …”

“…Such residue deposition is well recognized because studies proved that DNC component is eliminated partially in chicken excretes, while another part of this substance deposits in organs and muscles. 6,22 As chicken meat undergoes thermal processing before consumption, food safety risk assessment should also consider these effects on DNC stability in the breast fillets. Indeed, the lack of information on this issue so far seems to be a limiting factor in making risk assessment more accurate.…”

Focused review: The role of drug combinations for the control of coccidiosis in commercially reared chickens

“…As a consequence of the lack of potential toxicity, Monimax is approved in the EU for control of coccidiosis in chickens reared for laying ( Bampidis et al, 2018 ). Furthermore, any concerns regarding tissue residues should be alleviated, as the depletion time and concentration level for the active component of nicarbazin (DNC) in birds given Maxiban is significantly reduced ( Lima et al, 2017 ).…”

Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Tracers and Development of a Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay for Rapid Screening of 4,4′-Dinitrocarbanilide in Chicken Muscle

“…The current analytic methods for the determination of DNC in food matrices utilize high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) [9][10][11][12][13]. These methods are accurate and sensitive, but require well-equipped laboratories, high capital expenditures, highly trained personnel, and generally involve time consuming sample preparation steps.…”