Determination of the water quality index ratings of water in the Mpumalanga and North West provinces, South Africa

Wanda, Elijah M.M.; Mamba, Bhekie B.; Msagati, Titus A.M.

doi:10.1016/j.pce.2015.09.009

Cited by 31 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This is a low rate, with alterations only with possible contaminations affecting color, turbidity and DO consumption by decomposing organisms (Brasil, 2014;Lu et al, 2014). Wanda et al (2015) studied the quality of water in certain African regions and reported that high BOD, availability of organic matter in the medium, greatly interferes with water classification. When associated with a low DO rate plus microorganisms, great care must be taken with the assessed water treatment system Conclusions Although, assessments during two periods have beenundertaken to obtain a greater representation of the hygiene-sanitary quality of available water in schools in Cruz das Almas, a constant follow-up of the water quality is needed since students, school officers and teachers spend a large part of their time on the premise and use the water available.…”

Section: Physical and Chemical Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological evaluation of drinking water available in schools in Cruz das Almas, Brazil

Andrade¹,

Barros²,

Rodrigues³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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The current study assessed the drinkability of water in 25 schools in Cruz das Almas BA Brazil. Total coliforms, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, mesophylls and psichrotrophic bacteria were evaluated, coupled with color, turbidity, free residual chlorine, dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demands. Water samples were collected at four sites: the first tap within the supply network or within the alternative supply (first site), main reservoir (second site), kitchen water (third site) and drinking water troughs (fourth site). When the two assessment periods (during dry and wet seasons) were taken into account, contamination by total coliforms in approximately 65.3% of samples was detected, whilst E. coli and Enterococcus micro-organisms respectively occurred in 18.4 and 36.7% of samples. Counts of mesophyll microorganisms were greater during the dry period than during the rainy season. More than 34.7% of counts were above the legal limit. Although no apparent variation in color occurred, irregularity in turbidity and pH was detected in two schools. Inadequate rates for dissolved oxygen occurred in only two schools, during the dry period, whereas biochemical oxygen demand complied with legislation. Although, no coliform was extant in several samples, others had bacterial contamination requiring more efficacious practices for quality improvement. Results show that health risks in schools in Cruz das Almas may be solved by adequate water treatment, periodical cleaning of reservoirs and proper maintenance of taps and filters.

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Section: Physical and Chemical Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological evaluation of drinking water available in schools in Cruz das Almas, Brazil

Andrade¹,

Barros²,

Rodrigues³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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“…Hence, the consumption of untreated and inadequately treated water remains a major disease burden to public health. Most studies performed on the quality of surface and groundwater fail to present the results in the simplest form possible to policymakers and concerned citizens about the state of their water resources [21][22][23]. This problem is overcome if the results are reported using the Water quality index (WQI).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several methods have been reported for the estimation of water quality index. A few authors have, however, reported the incorporation of E. coli and other faecal indicator organisms into the water quality index to accommodate the microbiological parameters, but this is not the norm [21,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Quality Assessment of Surface and Groundwater Sources Using a Water Quality Index Method: A Case Study of a Peri-Urban Town in Southwest, Nigeria

et al. 2019

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Sustainable access to safe drinking water remains a global problem as more people in the world still consume water from unimproved sources. This study was carried out to evaluate the quality of 12 different water sources and 2 treated water used by a peri-urban town in the Southwest region of Nigeria to assess their suitability for drinking and domestic use. Water quality parameters studied include pH, temperature, acidity, total alkalinity, chloride content and total CO2. A Flame Atomic Absorption spectrophotometer was used to determine the concentrations of Ca, Mg, Cu, Cr, and Pb in the water samples. The total coliform was determined using the most probable number technique while a qualitative method was used to detect the presence of faecal coliform and E. coli in the water samples. All the physicochemical water quality parameters complied with regulatory standards. Similarly, most of the heavy metals also complied except for some sites. Faecal coliform and E. coli tested positive for all the samples except one of the tap water sample. Majority of the water samples (86%) were rated as excellent based on the physicochemical parameters. One sample each was rated as having poor and good water quality, respectively. All the samples tested positive for faecal coliform bacteria and E. coli except one (treated water). It is recommended that Microbial water quality parameters be included in all Water Quality Index (WQI) analyses in order to give the true status of the quality of a water resource.

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“…This problem has received media attention as a result of severe pollution observed in the Loskop Dam as well as the Olifants River catchment where water is contaminated by base metals and other effluents. 11,12 This has resulted in depletion of aquatic life, disruption of the food chain, contamination of portable water owing to the heavy metals dissolved in the drinking water and deterioration of ecosystems. 10 In this preliminary study, only results from sorption/desorption studies using standard solutions are reported aimed at highlighting the potential these monolithic materials possess in acting as reusable sorbents for group 11 metals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of nitrogen donor macro- and meso-porous materials for group 11 metal ions sorption

2018

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Macro(meso) porous polymer materials were prepared via a modified TIPS method using reagent grade polymers mixtures; polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polyvinylpyridine-co-styrene (PVPS). Reaction conditions such as concentration, temperature and the solvents used were found to affect the morphology of the polymer materials formed. The use of low heat for polymer dissolution, near critical point polymer concentration and a miscible solvent/non-solvent pair in excess non-solvent were found to produce porous polymers. The macro-(meso-) porous materials were further used in metal adsorption/desorption studies and they were found to remove up to 80 % of Cu(II), Ag(I) and Au(III) from aqueous solution. Adsorption/desorption experiments were performed using the polymer monolith KSP1{(PAN : PVPS = 75 : 25 (w/w) in DMSO : H 2 O = 90 : 10(v/v)} and it showed excellent reusability adsorbing and desorbing up to 90 % of the metal ions in a series of five cycles. Ternary solutions for adsorption/desorption experiments were added in the order Cu(II), Ag(I) and Au(III). KEYWORDS Fabrication, polymer monolith, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylpyridine-co-styrene, adsorption of group 11 metal ions.

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Determination of the water quality index ratings of water in the Mpumalanga and North West provinces, South Africa

Cited by 31 publications

References 27 publications

Microbiological evaluation of drinking water available in schools in Cruz das Almas, Brazil

Microbiological evaluation of drinking water available in schools in Cruz das Almas, Brazil

Water Quality Assessment of Surface and Groundwater Sources Using a Water Quality Index Method: A Case Study of a Peri-Urban Town in Southwest, Nigeria

Fabrication of nitrogen donor macro- and meso-porous materials for group 11 metal ions sorption

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