Determination of thiamethoxam residues in banana stem and fruit through LC-MS/MS

Abstract

An analytical method based on liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy/mass spectroscopy was developed and validated for the determination of thiamethoxam residues in banana fruit and stem tissue samples. In this study, Waters Alliance LC and Acquity TQD were used with an electrospray ionization interface in the positive ion mode. An isocratic flow of 0.5% HCOOH in water and 0.05% HCOOH in CHCN was used for separation. Thiamethoxam residue was extracted from the samples using CHCN and a dispersive solid-phase extraction method was used for subsequent cleanup. Linearity studies were conducted between 0.001 and 0.1 μg mL of standard solution with three replicates for each concentration. Satisfactory recoveries (107.21 to 115.16% and 90.94 to 109.22%) and high precision (relative standard deviations of 3.71 to 12.83% and 3.24 to 10.78%) were obtained for the banana stem and banana fruit matrix, respectively. The lower limits of detection and quantification achieved were 0.002 and 0.008 μg g for banana stem and 0.001and 0.005 μg gfor banana fruit, respectively. The developed method was used to analyze the banana stem and fruit samples collected from thiamethoxam-treated fields and stems from the local market.

Appraisal for Edible Use of Vegetable Crops Cultivated in Egypt after Treatment with Selected Insecticides and Fungicides: Insights of Dissipation Rates and Pre-harvest Intervals

“…1), is a nitro-neonicotinoid insecticide which interferes with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and thus affects the insect nervous system 19 . Several methods were reported for determination of TMX by liquid and gas chromatography alone in honeybees, fruits and vegetables 20,21 or with other neonicotinoids [22][23][24][25] . Studies showed that TMX disturbs hepatic and renal functions, provokes an increase in glucose levels and undesirable neurological effects in rats 26 .…”

Assessment of the Climate-Smart Agriculture Interventions towards the Avenues of Sustainable Production–Consumption

“…However, there are a few constraints on the adoption of CSA technologies, some of which are a lack of knowledge, insufficient finance opportunities, and a lack of policies to push its implementation. There is a need for different practices which may be suitable for different kinds of soil, and climatic conditions which are also economically viable [16]. For India, which has so much diversity when it comes to soil types and climatic conditions, not one model of development can be suitable for all regions.…”

Monitoring residue levels and dietary risk assessment of thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin for Chinese consumption of Chinese kale

“…Clothianidin, a metabolite of thiamethoxam, is also another neonicotinoid insecticide 5,6 . In the previous literature, a number of studies on the residual behavior of thiamethoxam in rice grain, 7 mango, 8 banana, 9 strawberry, 10 pomegranate, 11 apple, 12 cowpea 13 and citrus 14 have been reported domestically and internationally. However, there was no systematic study conducted on degradation behavior, residue distribution and dietary risk assessment of thiamethoxam in Chinese kale.…”

“…Thiamethoxam and clothianidin residues were usually extracted from different vegetables matrices using acetonitrile. The commonly used analytical instruments for thiamethoxam analysis are gas chromatography (GC), 15 liquid chromatography (LC) 16,17 and LC‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) 9‐11,13,14,18 . In addition, we can see the modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) sample preparation procedures have been successfully used to recover thiamethoxam and clothianidin from banana, 9 citrus, 14 cowpeas 13 and strawberries 10 .…”

“…The commonly used analytical instruments for thiamethoxam analysis are gas chromatography (GC), 15 liquid chromatography (LC) 16,17 and LC‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) 9‐11,13,14,18 . In addition, we can see the modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) sample preparation procedures have been successfully used to recover thiamethoxam and clothianidin from banana, 9 citrus, 14 cowpeas 13 and strawberries 10 . However, no methods for simultaneously determining thiamethoxam and clothianidin in Chinese kale and other leafy vegetables are currently available.…”