Determination of THMs in soft drink by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography

Abstract

a b s t r a c tIn this study, a simple and fast method was developed for the analysis of trihalomethanes (THMs) in soft drink samples using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography (HS-SPME-GC). The influence of factors, such as, extraction temperature, extraction time, addition of sodium chloride and agitation speed on extraction yield was studied through an univariate experimental design strategy. Satisfactory recoveries (P90%) and precision, calculated as the relative standard deviations (RSD 6 11%), were obtained. The limit of detection (LOD) between 0.22 and 0.46 lg L À1 was achieved for THMs along with a wide linear range of concentrations. The applicability of the proposed method was demonstrated by analysing 74 real soft-drink samples. Since no matrix effects were observed, quantification could readily be carried out by external calibration with deionized water standards.

Formation of trihalomethanes as disinfection byproducts in herbal spa pools

“…Unlike other studies concerning the THM distribution in different tea steaming and daily beverage samples 65,66 , some brominated species were also detected in the herbal spa samples in the current study. It is known that some forest soils and upland fields are considerably rich in bromine, and the conversion of forestland or upland fields into another application such as paddy or agricultural fields causes the dissolution and leaching of large amounts of bromine.…”

How the Inclusion of Treated Water in Beverages Influences the Appearance of Halogenated Volatile Organic Compounds

“…In the bibliography, different solventless techniques have been employed for the determination of several VOCs and THMs in beverages and foods. All of these methodologies have been proposed only for the four common THMs and do not reach the sensitivity of the proposed method. ,− In addition, some of these methodologies involve the manipulation of the beverages by dilution/centrifugation/heating in water baths, etc., with the consequent loss of volatile compounds. More recently, the four THMs have been determined in soft drinks and beers, but the method is ca.…”

“…Other HS−solid phase microextraction (SPME) 20 or purge-and-trap 21 GC methods require the dilution or centrifugation of beverages, which produces a loss of the species through volatilization. More recently, an HS-SPME method has been applied to determine four THMs in soft drinks 22 and beer. 23 In general, these methods require manual sample manipulation with low sensitivity because they are adapted from water methodologies.…”

Automated dynamic headspace followed by a comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography full scan time-of-flight mass spectrometry method for screening of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in water

“…16,17 Most studies based on the development of methods for the analysis of VOCs have been centred in separation by gas chromatography (GC). 18,19 Mass spectrometry (MS) detectors, 6 electron capture detectors (ECDs), 20 ame ionization detectors (FIDs), 21 photo-ionization detectors (PIDs) 6 or atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) 22 have been the detectors primarily applied for the analysis of VOCs in aquatic matrices. However, a major analysis trend is the use of mass spectrometry (MS) which has enabled an impressive advance in the identication of environmental contaminants.…”