1984
DOI: 10.1557/proc-40-217
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Determination of Time-Dependent Plastic Properties of Metals by Indentation Load Relaxation Techniques

Abstract: Load relaxation testing has been demonstrated to be useful for characterizing the time dependent plastic properties of metals. However, for testing of small material volumes, such as thin film metallizations, thin films, and contact surfaces, conventional load relaxation techniques cannot be used. For such applications an indentation test offers an attractive means for obtaining data necessary for materials characterization. This work shows that an indentation load relaxation test is experimentally feasible fo… Show more

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Cited by 16 publications
(6 citation statements)
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“…An example is the impression creep test using a cylindrical flat punch for examining metals and polymers [194][195][196][197][198][199] (see [199] for a comprehensive review on impression creep tests). With the advent of nanoindentation, measurements of strain rate and temperature effects in thin films and nanostructured materials became possible [200][201][202][203][204][205]. These measurements are important for a number of industrial applications, including interconnects for electronic devices, materials for lead-free solder joints, and metals exhibiting superplasticity for low cost forming of complex parts, as well as for fundamental understanding of deformation mechanisms at small length scales.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…An example is the impression creep test using a cylindrical flat punch for examining metals and polymers [194][195][196][197][198][199] (see [199] for a comprehensive review on impression creep tests). With the advent of nanoindentation, measurements of strain rate and temperature effects in thin films and nanostructured materials became possible [200][201][202][203][204][205]. These measurements are important for a number of industrial applications, including interconnects for electronic devices, materials for lead-free solder joints, and metals exhibiting superplasticity for low cost forming of complex parts, as well as for fundamental understanding of deformation mechanisms at small length scales.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Examples include the use of constant loading rate, _ F; constant displacement rate, _ h; or the keeping of parameters such as _ h=h or _ F=F constant. The ''indentation strain rate'' is usually defined as _ h=h [200][201][202]. The strain-rate dependence of a measured property, such as hardness, is then expressed in terms of _ h=h.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…As the hardness drops, the rate of penetration decreases, and in this way the experiment sweeps out a spectrum of hardness versus indentation strain rate, the slope of which on a log-log scale gives m H . Other methods for measuring m H include indentation load relaxation, 10 in which the depth is held fixed and the load is allowed to relax; indentation rate-change, in which the specimen is first loaded at one rate and then partially unloaded, then reloaded at a second rate 11 ; and constant indentation strain rate that measures the hardness at fixed _ L=L, where L is the load. 12 In the Appendix, we construct an analysis to handle creep and load relaxation.…”
Section: Preliminariesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Among the different experimental techniques explored thus far in literature, instrumented indentation (Doerner and Nix, 1986;Oliver and Pharr, 1992;Oliver and Pharr, 2004) exhibits tremendous potential as a low cost, high throughput, approach because of its capability to probe quickly multiple local volumes in a small sample. Indentation has been applied to study deformation behavior in a wide variety of material systems ranging from metals (Hannula et al, 1985;Mayo and Nix, 1988), polymers (Anand and Ames, 2006), and composites (Chen et al, 2010). Advances in instrumented indentation has facilitated studies of dislocation source activation (Nair et al, 2008;Zbib and Bahr, 2007), mechanical characterization of grain boundaries (Vachhani et al, 2016), slip lines in Ni-based single crystal supperalloy (Sabnis et al, 2012;Sabnis et al, 2013), and geometrically necessary dislocations produced by gradients of slip (Dahlberg et al, 2014).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%