“…They were used for the determination of vanadium(V) mainly in real water samples [ 7 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ] and in food samples [ 7 , 12 ]. All of them are based on the adsorptive accumulation of the V(V) complex exploiting different complexing agent such as cupferron [ 7 , 8 , 14 , 19 ], chloranilic acid [ 9 , 16 , 18 ], catechol [ 10 ], dihydroxynaphthalene [ 11 ], chromoxane cyanine R [ 12 ], dihydroxybenzaldehyde [ 13 ], pyrogallol [ 15 ] and alizarin violet [ 17 ]. Unfortunately, the majority of those procedures are based on the use of mercury-containing electrodes, such as hanging mercury drop electrodes (HMDEs) [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ], mercury film electrodes (MFEs) [ 14 , 15 ] and renewable mercury film silver-based electrodes (Hg(Ag)FEs) [ 16 ].…”