Determination of Trichloroethylene in Water by Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Assisted Solid Phase Microextraction

Abstract

A method for the determination of trichloroethylene (TCE) in water using portable gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was developed. A novel sample preparation method, liquid-liquid microextraction assisted solid phase microextraction (LLME-SPME), is introduced. In this method, 20 µL of hexane was added to 10 mL of TCE contaminated aqueous samples to assist headspace SPME. The extraction efficiency of SPME was significantly improved with the addition of minute amounts of organic solvents (i.e., 20 µL hexane). The absolute recoveries of TCE at different concentrations were increased from 11%-17% for the samples extracted by SPME to 29%-41% for the samples extracted by LLME-SPME. The method was demonstrated to be linear from 10 to 1000 ng mL −1 for TCE in water. The improvements on extraction efficiencies were also observed for toluene and 1, 2, 4-trichlorobenzene in water by using LLME-SPME method. The LLME-SPME method was optimized by using response surface modeling (RSM).

Application of chemometrics to resolve overlapping mass spectral peak clusters between trichloroethylene and its deuterated internal standard

“…A magnetic stir bar and a 10‐mL water sample were placed into a 20‐mL headspace glass vial with the addition of 20 μL of each TCE standard solution, TCE‐ d solution, and hexane . After the vial had been sealed with an aluminum cap with a PTFE/silicone septum, a PDMS/DVB fiber was exposed to the headspace for 15 min at 25 °C.…”

“…A magnetic stir bar and a 10-mL water sample were placed into a 20-mL headspace glass vial with the addition of 20 μL of each TCE standard solution, TCE-d solution, and hexane. [17] After the vial had been sealed with an aluminum cap with a PTFE/silicone septum, a PDMS/DVB fiber was exposed to the headspace for 15 min at 25°C. The fiber was then immediately inserted into the GC injector for desorption at 270°C for 5 s, and then the analytes were analyzed with the portable GC/MS instrument.…”

Rapid In-Field Approaches for Delineating VOC in Both Soil Vapour and Groundwater for Vapour Intrusion Assessment

“…Using this sampling preparation method can optimise the SPME extraction efficiency. Extraction duration, temperature, and solvent have been investigated as causal factors that affect the extraction efficiency of SPME in laboratory benchtop experiments (Zhao et al, 2011;Zhang and Harrington, 2015;Jia et al, 2000). Based on our investigation, an infield soil gas sample preparation method was introduced in our previous study (Wang et al, 2021).…”

A Review: Effects of air, water and land dumpsite on human health and analytical methods for determination of pollutants

“…VOCs include a variety of chemicals, some of which may have short-and long-term adverse health effects. Concentrations of many VOCs are consistently higher indoors (up to ten times higher) than outdoors [4]. VOCs are emitted by a wide array of products numbering in the thousands.…”

“…VOCs are emitted by a wide array of products numbering in the thousands. Examples include: paints and lacquers, paint strippers, cleaning supplies, pesticides, building materials and furnishings, office equipment such as copiers and printers, correction fluids and carbonless copy paper, graphics and craft materials including glues and adhesives, permanent markers, and photographic solutions [3][4]. A heavy metal is characterized as a metal with a density higher than 5 g cm -3 (i.e., specific gravity more noteworthy than 5).…”