Determination of Trichothecene Toxin (T2 Mycotoxin) in Aqueous Sample with Solid Phase Microextraction Technique Followed by Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection

Lee, P. K.; Kee, S. Y. Krystin; Ng, Wei Fang; Gopalakrishnakone, P.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-4168(19990701)22:7<424::aid-jhrc424>3.0.co;2-f

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Many extraction procedures of liquid samples have been described in literature, such as wines, beers, juices and milks, based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) through the application of immunoaffinity columns (IAC) or other types of sorbents [ 12 ]. The other extraction methods such as liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) [ 17 ], solid-phase microextraction (SPME) [ 18 ], stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) [ 19 ], and liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) [ 20 ] have also been applied. Nowadays, an efficient and affordable method has been widely applied due to its features of quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe, which is therefore called QuEChERS.…”

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confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Analysis of 20 Mycotoxins in Grapes and Wines from Hexi Corridor Region (China): Based on a QuEChERS–UHPLC–MS/MS Method

et al. 2018

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The aim of this study is to develop and validate an improved analytical method for the simultaneous quantification of 20 types of mycotoxins in grapes and wines. In this research, the optimization of tandem mass spectrometer (MS/MS) parameter, ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) separation, and QuEChERS procedure, which includes wine/water ratio, the amount and type of salt, clean-up sorbent, were performed, and the whole separation of mycotoxins was accomplished within 7 min analyzing time. Under optimum conditions, recoveries ranged from 85.6% to 117.8%, while relative standard deviation (RSD) remained between 6.0% and 17.5%. The limit of detection (LOD, 0.06–10 μg/L) and the limit of quantification (LOQ, 0.18–30 μg/L) were lower than those permitted by legislation in food matrices, which demonstrated the high sensitivity and applicability of this efficient method. Finally, 36 grapes and 42 wine samples from the Hexi Corridor region were analyzed. Penicillic acid (PCA), mycophenolic acid (MPA), cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), fumonisin B1 (FB1) and zearalenone (ZEN) were detected in a small number of grape samples with lower concentrations between 0.10 μg/L and 81.26 μg/L. Meanwhile, ochratoxin A (OTA), aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), MPA, CPA, and ZEN were detected in some wine counterparts with concentrations ranged from 0.10 μg/L to 4.62 μg/L. However, the concentrations of the detected mycotoxins were much lower than the maximum legal limits set of other products.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Analysis of 20 Mycotoxins in Grapes and Wines from Hexi Corridor Region (China): Based on a QuEChERS–UHPLC–MS/MS Method

et al. 2018

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Analysis of selected phytotoxins and mycotoxins in environmental samples

et al. 2009

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Natural toxins such as phytotoxins and mycotoxins have been studied in food and feed for decades, but little attention has yet been paid to their occurrence in the environment. Because of increasing awareness of the presence and potential relevance of micropollutants in the environment, phytotoxins and mycotoxins should be considered and investigated as part of the chemical cocktail in natural samples. Here, we compile chemical analytical methods to determine important phytotoxins (i.e. phenolic acids, quinones, benzoxazinones, terpenoids, glycoalkaloids, glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, phytosterols, flavonoids, coumestans, lignans, and chalcones) and mycotoxins (i.e. resorcyclic acid lactones, trichothecenes, fumonisins, and aflatoxins) in environmentally relevant matrices such as surface water, waste water-treatment plant influent and effluent, soil, sediment, manure, and sewage sludge. The main problems encountered in many of the reviewed methods were the frequent unavailability of suitable internal standards (especially isotope-labelled analogues) and often absent or fragmentary method optimization and validation.

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Chemical Warfare Agents

Smith¹

2012

Gas Chromatography

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Determination of Trichothecene Toxin (T2 Mycotoxin) in Aqueous Sample with Solid Phase Microextraction Technique Followed by Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

Simultaneous Analysis of 20 Mycotoxins in Grapes and Wines from Hexi Corridor Region (China): Based on a QuEChERS–UHPLC–MS/MS Method

Simultaneous Analysis of 20 Mycotoxins in Grapes and Wines from Hexi Corridor Region (China): Based on a QuEChERS–UHPLC–MS/MS Method

Analysis of selected phytotoxins and mycotoxins in environmental samples

Chemical Warfare Agents

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