Determination of ultratrace elements in natural waters by solid-phase extraction and atomic spectrometry methods

Abstract

A study was carried out on the preconcentration of ultratrace amounts of cadmium, lead, manganese, copper and iron from high-salinity aqueous samples and determination by atomic spectrometry methods. Sample volume, amount of resin, loading flow rate, and elution volume were optimized in order to obtain the simultaneous preconcentration of all the analytes. Quantitative recoveries were obtained by using 200 mg of iminodiacetic resin with a loading flow rate of 2 mL min(-1), elution volume of 3 mL and sample volume of 50-450 mL. Only copper in seawater samples was not completely retained by the resin (60-70% recovery), due to unfavorable competition of iminodiacetic-active groups with organically bound metal.To quantify the metals in the eluates, two atomic spectrometry techniques were compared: electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) with simultaneous CCD detection system. Both techniques are suitable for sample analysis with detection limits of 1.0, 4.7, 3.3, 6.8, and 53 ng L(-1) using ETAAS and 12, 122, 3.4, 17, and 21 ng L(-1) using ICP-OES for Cd, Pb, Mn, Cu, and Fe, respectively. Relative standard deviations of the procedures ranged from 1.7 to 14% at the sub-microg L(-1) concentration level. The accuracy of both methods was verified by analyzing various certified reference materials (river water, estuarine water, coastal and off-shore seawater).

Determination of Tellurium in Tellurium-Containing Organic Compounds by Microwave Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry

“…It took 60 min at 130 o C to complete decomposition of the substance. minerals, rocks) with tellurium content 0.0-100 mg g -1 , [24], coal, [25], in lead and lead alloys [26], in the environment (water, plants, biological materials) [27][28][29]. Such techniques as atomic emission spectrometry (AES) with inductively coupled (ICP) or microwave (MP) plasma, in conjunction with mass spectrometry, [30][31][32][33], atomic fluorescence spectrometry, [34][35][36], the optical emission spectrometry [37] are used for the tellurium and tellurium trace analysis in various objects.…”

Chemical Vapour Generation for Tin Determination in High-content Calcium Matrix by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry

“…By ranking the measured tin contents and the sampling sites it can be observed that samples which show the concentration above the median values (No. 4,6,8,7,15,1,13,2) were collected from sites near aluminium processing industry centre, harbours, and fishing ports.…”

“…1 Analytical performances of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) allow simultaneous measurements of numerous elements and more emission lines of the particular element. However, interference effects in direct measurements of real sample solutions were not avoided completely, especially those caused by complex matrix.…”

A tin–bismuth alloy electrode for the cathodic stripping voltammetric determination of iron in coastal waters

“…To better understand the biological and chemical processes effecting iron distribution and cycling in coastal environments, there is an urgent need to develop simple analytical tools specically designed to determine the total dissolved iron in coastal waters. To achieve this goal, many techniques have been developed to detect and quantify iron such as atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), 10 inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), 11,12 electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS), 13 and spectrophotometry. 14 However, these methods are relatively expensive for the ultra-trace determination of iron and can suffer from interferences.…”