Determination of vibrational and rotational temperatures in a gliding arc discharge by using overlapped molecular emission spectra

Zhao, Tianliang; Xu, Yong; Song, Yuan-Hong; Li, Xiaosong; Liu, Jinglin; Liu, Jing‐Lin; Zhu, Ai‐Min

doi:10.1088/0022-3727/46/34/345201

Cited by 62 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Transition bands from different species may overlap as the translational temperature increases, such as the N 2 (C-B, ∆ν = 1) overlap with the OH (A-X, ∆ν = 1) in the range of 305-320 nm, and the N 2 (C-B, ∆ν = −2, −3) overlap with the N 2 + (B-X, ∆ν = 0) in the range 370-395 nm. Zhao and associates [27] extracted individual spectra from these overlapping bands so as to simulate the vibrational and rotational temperatures of a kHz alternating current (AC) gliding arc discharge. It was found that the rotational and vibrational temperatures were dependent on the species that were used in analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Substantial progress in studying gliding arc discharges has been achieved, including transient discharge processes [30,31], electrical characteristics [32,33], hypergravity effects [34,35] and species distributions [36][37][38], as well as the rotational and vibrational temperatures of gliding arc discharges [25][26][27][28]. However, the translational temperature of the gliding arc discharge has not been directly measured yet up to now.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Translational, rotational, vibrational and electron temperatures of a gliding arc discharge

et al. 2017

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Abstract:Translational, rotational, vibrational and electron temperatures of a gliding arc discharge in atmospheric pressure air were experimentally investigated using in situ, nonintrusive optical diagnostic techniques. The gliding arc discharge was driven by a 35 kHz alternating current (AC) power source and operated in a glow-type regime. The twodimensional distribution of the translational temperature (T t ) of the gliding arc discharge was determined using planar laser-induced Rayleigh scattering. The rotational and vibrational temperatures were obtained by simulating the experimental spectra. The OH A-X (0, 0) band was used to simulate the rotational temperature (T r ) of the gliding arc discharge whereas the NO A-X (1, 0) and (0, 1) bands were used to determine its vibrational temperature (T v ). The instantaneous reduced electric field strength E/N was obtained by simultaneously measuring the instantaneous length of the plasma column, the discharge voltage and the translational temperature, from which the electron temperature (T e ) of the gliding arc discharge was estimated. The uncertainties of the translational, rotational, vibrational and electron temperatures were analyzed. The relations of these four different temperatures (T e >T v >T r >T t ) suggest a high-degree non-equilibrium state of the gliding arc discharge. Phys. 79(5), 2245-2250 (1996). 3. A. Czernichowski, "Gliding arc -applications to engineering and environment control," Pure Appl. Chem.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Translational, rotational, vibrational and electron temperatures of a gliding arc discharge

et al. 2017

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“…The ICCD was cooled by liquid nitrogen to reduce the dark signal and background noise with high sensitivity from UV to NIR [19]. Because the optical detectors were set perpendicular to the plasma disc at a distance of 20 cm, it was assumed that the spectroscopic parameters derived from the measurements were spatially averaged [20].…”

Section: A Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The energy of each quantum level of a diatomic molecule is assumed to be the sum of the electronic energy, vibrational energy, and rotational energy, which was characterized by the spectral terms in the Born-Oppenheimer approximation as follows [14], [19], [32]:…”

Section: Measurement Of Rotational and Vibrational Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of Spectroscopic Temperatures and Electron Density in Rotating Gliding Arc Discharge

Zhang²,

Li³

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.

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The spectroscopic characteristics of rotating gliding arc (RGA) discharge, codriven by a magnetic field and tangential gas flow, have been investigated by optical emission spectroscopy. In argon gas, the electron density of the atmospheric RGA plasma was measured, while the vibrotatinoal temperatures were measured in nitrogen discharge. By simulating the spectral line profile determined by the joint effects of Lorentzian (Stark, van der Waals, and natural) and Gaussian (Doppler and instrumental) broadening, the electron density fluctuated in the range of 1.32×10 15 -4.56×10 15 cm −3 and 4.06×10 15 -5.74×10 15 cm −3 within the variation of argon flow rate and applied voltage, respectively. The rotational temperature in N 2 discharge was obtained by comparing the modeled optical emission spectrum with the experimental measurements. The vibrational temperature was derived from a Boltzmann plot by analyzing the spectral bands of the second positive system of N 2 (C 3 u → B 3 g ). The vibrational and rotational temperatures varied in the range of 0.1-0.13 eV and 0.42-0.44 eV, respectively, under the same operating condition, indicating that the RGA discharge is a nonequilibrium plasma. By analyzing the fundamental spectroscopic parameters of the discharge, a comprehensive understanding of RGA plasma was achieved, facilitating its application in practical industry processes.Index Terms-Electron density, plasma, rotating gliding arc (RGA), rotational temperature, vibrational temperature.

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Plasmochemical Approach to Template‐Free Synthesis of Highly Crystalline Mesoporous TiO₂ within Milliseconds

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2019

ChemNanoMat

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A plasmochemical synthetic strategy for the template-free and one-step preparation of highly crystalline mesoporous TiO 2 from oxidation of titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) aerosol by gliding arc plasma in a vortex air flow within milliseconds is reported. The scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and nitrogen sorption characterizations confirm the wormhole-like mesoporous structures. The highly crystalline mesoporous TiO 2 has an optimized anatase/rutile weight ratio of about 80/20 for photocatalytic applications, exhibiting superior thermal stability and good photocatalytic activity.TiO 2 has attracted considerable attentions due to its stability, non-toxicity, and inexpensiveness, and promising photocatalytic applications in degrading pollutants, energy conversion and chemical synthesis. [1] TiO 2 with high specific surface area, large porosity and tunable morphologies is often in demand to achieve the high photocatalytic efficiency. Therefore, mesoporous TiO 2 has aroused increasing interests. [2] For the mesoporous TiO 2 , the preparing techniques are of great concern with its characteristics. The synthesis of mesoporous TiO 2 generally requires soft templates (surfactants and block polymers) and hard templates (e. g., porous silica, polystyrene spheres, porous carbon). [2] Normally, the processes of sol-gel, [2a,3] hydrothermal chemistry, [4] microwave [5] and sonochemistry [6] are widely and employed. However, these synthesis processes inevitably require the costly surfactants and are comparatively complicated and time consuming. [2d] Calcination is the necessary step to remove the template and to obtain crystalline structure. However, the shrinkage of mesoporous structure and agglomeration of the particles will be caused by calcination. [2b,d,7] Recently, the important applications of plasmas for catalyst preparation have been reported increasingly. [8] Herein, we report a plasmochemical synthetic strategy for the templatefree and one-step preparation of highly crystalline mesoporous TiO 2 within milliseconds.In this plasmochemical synthetic strategy, a vortex-flow gliding arc plasma is employed. The plasma features a fast transition from a quasi-thermal stage to a non-thermal stage, providing high electron density (10 13 -10 14 cm À3 ) and gas temperature of over 2000 K in the quasi-thermal stage and high level of non-equilibrium (electron temperature @ gas temperature) in the non-thermal stage. [9] As shown in the left of Figure 1, titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP, J&K Scientific, 98%) aerosol as the Ti precursor is generated from an ultrasonic atomizer and carried by 100 mL/min N 2 into the specially designed plasma reactor. The air with a flow rate of 5 L/min enters via two tangential gas inlets of the plasma reactor to generate gliding arc plasma under an input power of 100 W (the middle of Figure 1). The TTIP aerosol is rapidly oxidized by the air plasma and a highly crystalline mesoporous TiO 2 is directly produced (the right of Figure 1), expe...

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Determination of vibrational and rotational temperatures in a gliding arc discharge by using overlapped molecular emission spectra

Cited by 62 publications

References 30 publications

Translational, rotational, vibrational and electron temperatures of a gliding arc discharge

Translational, rotational, vibrational and electron temperatures of a gliding arc discharge

Determination of Spectroscopic Temperatures and Electron Density in Rotating Gliding Arc Discharge

Plasmochemical Approach to Template‐Free Synthesis of Highly Crystalline Mesoporous TiO₂ within Milliseconds

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Determination of vibrational and rotational temperatures in a gliding arc discharge by using overlapped molecular emission spectra

Cited by 62 publications

References 30 publications

Translational, rotational, vibrational and electron temperatures of a gliding arc discharge

Translational, rotational, vibrational and electron temperatures of a gliding arc discharge

Determination of Spectroscopic Temperatures and Electron Density in Rotating Gliding Arc Discharge

Plasmochemical Approach to Template‐Free Synthesis of Highly Crystalline Mesoporous TiO2 within Milliseconds

Contact Info

Product

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Plasmochemical Approach to Template‐Free Synthesis of Highly Crystalline Mesoporous TiO₂ within Milliseconds