Determination of vibrational modes in electron energy loss spectroscopy of polycrystalline diamond surfaces by isotopic exchange

Michaelson, Sh.; Hoffman, A.; Lifshitz, Y.

doi:10.1063/1.2397027

Cited by 45 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The first two peaks are associated with (111) and (100) diamond surfaces, the third and fourth peaks are attributed to sp 2 and sp hybridized carbon from the surface or grain boundary regions, respectively [38,39]. An extensive discussion about these spectral components can be found elsewhere [40,41]. The peaks at $305 and 450 meV are due to pure C-C vibrations, associated with the first and second overtones of diamond optical phonon located at $156 meV.…”

Section: à2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporation of nitrogen into polycrystalline diamond surfaces by RF plasma nitridation process at different temperatures: Bonding configuration and thermal stabilty studies by in situ XPS and HREELS

Chandran

Shasha

Michaelson

et al. 2015

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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In situ studies of low energy nitrogen species incorporated into diamond films are significant as they could lead to a better understanding of bonding configuration and defects formation of the modified surface. In this report, we investigate the interaction of radio frequency (RF) nitrogen plasma onto a polycrystalline diamond surface at different temperatures (RT, 250, 500, and 750 8C). The influence of RF nitridation temperature on the bonding configuration, thermal stability, and concentrations of incorporated species were systematically investigated by in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS). Our results showed that local bonding configurations were influenced by the temperature of the RF nitridation process. The amount of nitrogen incorporated into the diamond surface decreased as the nitridation process temperature increases. RF nitridation performed at 750 8C showed the absence of reorganization in the local bonding configurations upon annealing to 1000 8C and their thermal stability was also found to be better. HREELS results displayed partial retrieval of the characteristic optical phonon overtone of diamond, after annealing to 500 8C, which indicates that the RF nitridation process was successful in incorporating nitrogen into diamond surface without inducing a graphitic near surface region.

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Section: à2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporation of nitrogen into polycrystalline diamond surfaces by RF plasma nitridation process at different temperatures: Bonding configuration and thermal stabilty studies by in situ XPS and HREELS

Chandran

Shasha

Michaelson

et al. 2015

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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“…[51][52][53][54]57,58,[62][63][64][65][66][67] In order to clarify the origin of the peaks at 300, 450, and 600 meV, an ion irradiation experiment was performed on a well-defined diamond surface. [74,75] Ion irradiation results in partial amorphization of the film surface, so the change in the shape of the spectrum following the ion irradiation may be associated with the change of the surface crystalline structure. Our results show that the intensity of these three overtone HREEL peaks (300, 450, and 600 meV) decreases most significantly after the diamond surface has been irradiated with low energy Ar ions.…”

Section: Hreels Mode Positionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Diamond Grain Size on Hydrogen Concentration, Bonding Configuration, and Electron Emission Properties of Polycrystalline‐Diamond Films

Michaelson

Ternyak

Akhvlediani

et al. 2008

Chemical Vapor Deposition

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In the present work we review our recent studies of the incorporation of hydrogen and its bonding configuration in diamond films composed of diamond grains of varying size. Polycrystalline-diamond films are deposited by three different methods; hot filament (HF), microwave (MW) and direct current glow discharge (DCGD)CVD. The size of the diamond grains which constitute the films varies in the following way; hundreds of nanometers in the case of HFCVD (''submicrometer size'', $300 nm), tens of nanometers in the case of MWCVD (3-30 nm), and a few nanometers in the case of DCGDCVD (''ultra nanocrystalline diamond'', $5 nm). Raman spectroscopy (RS), secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), and high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) are applied to investigate the hydrogen trapping in the films. The hydrogen retention of the diamond films increases with decreasing grain size, indicating the likelihood that hydrogen is bonded and trapped in grain boundaries, as well as on the internal grain surfaces. RS and HREELS analyses show that at least part of this hydrogen is bonded to sp 2 -and sp 3 -hybridized carbon, thus giving rise to typical C-H vibration modes. Both vibrational spectroscopies show the increase of sp 2 C-H modes in transition from sub-micrometer to ultra nanocrystalline grain size. The impact of diamond grain size on the shape of the RS and HREELS hydrogenated diamond spectra is discussed. In addition, the dependence of electron emission properties on film thickness and diamond grain size is reported.

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“…10 The morphology of the samples was studied using AFM ͑Nanoscope IV MultiMode from Veeco͒ operated in tapping mode. 7 It is observed that following MW hydrogen plasma treatment ͓Fig. Figure 1 shows the HREELS measurements of the CVD diamond film before and after exposures.…”

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confidence: 99%

Hydrogen plasma and atomic oxygen treatments of diamond: Chemical versus morphological effects

Shpilman

Gouzman²,

Grossman³

et al. 2008

Applied Physics Letters

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Effects and thermal stability of hydrogen microwave plasma treatment on tetrahedral amorphous carbon films by in situ ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy Chemical bonding and morphology of chemical vapor deposited diamond films were studied using high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy, following hydrogen plasma and atomic oxygen exposures. The hydrogen plasma exposure resulted in preferential etching of nondiamond carbon phases, selective etching of diamond facets, and termination of the diamond surfaces by sp 3 -C -H species. Exposure to atomic oxygen, on the other hand, produced significant chemical changes resulting in oxidized hydrocarbon ill defined top layer, while the morphology of the surface remained almost unchanged.

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Determination of vibrational modes in electron energy loss spectroscopy of polycrystalline diamond surfaces by isotopic exchange

Cited by 45 publications

References 21 publications

Incorporation of nitrogen into polycrystalline diamond surfaces by RF plasma nitridation process at different temperatures: Bonding configuration and thermal stabilty studies by in situ XPS and HREELS

Incorporation of nitrogen into polycrystalline diamond surfaces by RF plasma nitridation process at different temperatures: Bonding configuration and thermal stabilty studies by in situ XPS and HREELS

The Impact of Diamond Grain Size on Hydrogen Concentration, Bonding Configuration, and Electron Emission Properties of Polycrystalline‐Diamond Films

Hydrogen plasma and atomic oxygen treatments of diamond: Chemical versus morphological effects

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