Determination of virulence and multidrug resistance genes with polymerase chain reaction method in vancomycin-sensitive and -resistant enterococci isolated from clinical samples*

IntroductionA serious problem affecting human society is the development of bacterial resistance. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the antibiotic resistance of Gram-positive bacteria (GPB) and genotyping of common GPB causing hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) in patients who were referred to Children’s Medical Center during a 6-month period by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR).MethodsDuring the 6-month period, antimicrobial resistance profiles of GPB isolates recovered from patients in Children’s Medical Center were determined using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion and MIC. Typing of common GPB was performed and the results were analyzed by gel compare software.ResultsIn this cross-sectional study, 6524 cultures were performed and 138 Ggram-positive bacteria were isolated (2%). Staphylococcus aureus strains showed the highest antibiotic penicillin resistance (96.3%). Twenty-six per cent of the strains were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and no resistance was found against vancomycin. All isolates of Enterococcus faecium were resistant to ciprofloxacin (100%). The resistance to vancomycin was very high (67%) and no resistance was observed to linezolid. The results of genotyping analysis of S. epidermidis strains showed the presence of two clones with a genetic relationship of over 80%. All of the S. aureus strains were in one cluster and half of the E. faecium strains were in a cluster with a genetic predilection of over 80%.ConclusionThis study indicated frequent occurrence of antimicrobial resistance, especially in Enterococcus spp. isolates. Rapid spreads of MRSA and VREF from a clonal origin require implementing careful isolation and infection control measures.

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“…Although the occurrence of VRE varies in different countries, a high frequency was described in Iran, Ethiopia and Turkey 29,34–36…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Antibiotic Resistance And Genotyping Of Gram-Positive Bacteria Causing Hospital-Acquired Infection In Patients Referring To Children’s Medical Center</p>

Mamishi¹,

Mohammadian²,

Pourakbari³

et al. 2019

IDR

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“…All vancomycin resistance belongs to E. faecium and emerging as the main nosocomial pathogen in the last two decades [25]. In some studies conducted in countries such as Turkey (1.55%) [26] and Nigeria (4.07%), the prevalence of VRE was lower than our fnding [27]. Tis diference might be due to laboratory methods used (disk difusion vs. MIC), variation in the study participants, efective use of infection prevention, antibiotic use, and source of specimen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Gastrointestinal Colonization Rate of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci among Hospitalized Patients: Potential Source for Resistant Gene

Mengesha,

Ali,

Mengistu

et al. 2024

International Journal of Microbiology

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Background. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) is a global health problem and responsible for healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in patients with prolonged hospital stay, severe underlying disease, and previous broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy. These bacteria can cross-resist and transfer drug-resistant genes to other potentially pathogenic bacteria. Therefore; this study was aimed to determine the gastrointestinal colonization rate of VRE, its antimicrobial susceptibility profile, and associated factors among hospitalized patients. Methods. Prospective cross-sectional study was conducted using stool samples from 223 patients admitted to different wards at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, from April 1 to June 30, 2021. Patients admitted to the hospital for more than 48 hours for various medical conditions were included. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were collected using a structured questionnaire. Fecal specimens were cultured on Enterococci selective media. Enterococcus species were identified using their growth and mannitol fermentation properties. Vancomycin resistance was screened using both the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method and a vancomycin E-test strip. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive and logistic regressions were used to determine the frequency and association of factors with the VRE colonization rate. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. A total of 223 fecal specimens were collected and processed, and 141 (63.2%) them were positive for Enterococci. The predominant species was E. faecalis 65 (46.1%) followed by E. faecium 76 (53.9%). In this study, the gastrointestinal colonization rate of VRE was 15 (6.7%) and all the species belong to E. faecium. Study participants who had no formal education (AOR = 4.26, 95% CI: 1.01, 18.06), hospitalized patients for >2 weeks (AOR = 4.10, 95% CI: 1.08, 15.57), and those who had a history of treatment with vancomycin (AOR = 4.77, 95% CI: 1.26, 18.09) were more likely to be colonized with vancomycin-resistant Enterococci. More than 95% of Enterococci isolates were susceptible to linezolid, whereas 70.2%, 63.1%, 56.7%, and 53.9% were resistant to tetracycline, erythromycin, penicillin, and ampicillin, respectively. Among the total Enterococci isolated, 141 (54.6%) were multidrug resistant. Conclusions. In our study, high proportion of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci was found. Previous exposure to antibiotics and hospital stay were significant factors for VRE gut colonization. The isolated Enterococci showed variable degrees of resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics which leads to a worldwide problem multidrug resistance. Therefore, periodic surveillance on antimicrobial resistance pattern, adhering to rational use of antibiotics, and implementing infection prevention protocols may reduce colonization by VRE.

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Molecular and phenotypic characterization of enterococci isolated from broiler flocks in Turkey

Aslantaş

2019

Trop Anim Health Prod

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Determination of virulence and multidrug resistance genes with polymerase chain reaction method in vancomycin-sensitive and -resistant enterococci isolated from clinical samples*

Cited by 9 publications

References 33 publications

<p>Antibiotic Resistance And Genotyping Of Gram-Positive Bacteria Causing Hospital-Acquired Infection In Patients Referring To Children’s Medical Center</p>

<p>Antibiotic Resistance And Genotyping Of Gram-Positive Bacteria Causing Hospital-Acquired Infection In Patients Referring To Children’s Medical Center</p>

High Gastrointestinal Colonization Rate of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci among Hospitalized Patients: Potential Source for Resistant Gene

Molecular and phenotypic characterization of enterococci isolated from broiler flocks in Turkey

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