Determination of Vitamin B3 Vitamer (Nicotinamide) and Vitamin B6 Vitamers in Human Hair Using LC-MS/MS

Abstract

Water-soluble B vitamins participate in numerous crucial metabolic reactions and are critical for maintaining our health. Vitamin B deficiencies cause many different types of diseases, such as dementia, anaemia, cardiovascular disease, neural tube defects, Crohn’s disease, celiac disease, and HIV. Vitamin B3 deficiency is linked to pellagra and cancer, while niacin (or nicotinic acid) lowers low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides in the blood and increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL). A highly sensitive and robust liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectroscopy (LC/MS-MS) method was developed to detect and quantify a vitamin B3 vitamer (nicotinamide) and vitamin B6 vitamers (pyridoxial 5′-phosphate (PLP), pyridoxal hydrochloride (PL), pyridoxamine dihydrochloride (PM), pridoxamine-5′-phosphate (PMP), and pyridoxine hydrochloride (PN)) in human hair samples of the UAE population. Forty students’ volunteers took part in the study and donated their hair samples. The analytes were extracted and then separated using a reversed-phase Poroshell EC-C18 column, eluted using two mobile phases, and quantified using LC/MS-MS system. The method was validated in human hair using parameters such as linearity, intra- and inter-day accuracy, and precision and recovery. The method was then used to detect vitamin B3 and B6 vitamers in the human hair samples. Of all the vitamin B3 and B6 vitamers tested, only nicotinamide was detected and quantified in human hair. Of the 40 samples analysed, 12 were in the range 100–200 pg/mg, 15 in the range 200–500 pg/mg, 9 in the range of 500–4000 pg/mg. The LC/MS-MS method is effective, sensitive, and robust for the detection of vitamin B3 and its vitamer nicotinamide in human hair samples. This developed hair test can be used in clinical examination to complement blood and urine tests for the long-term deficiency, detection, and quantification of nicotinamide.

Effectiveness of Bay Leaves (Syzygium polyanthum) to Reduce Body Mass Index Among Pre-Menopausal Obese Adults in South Jakarta Regency

“…Vitamin B3 may have potential benefits for overall health, including its impact on cholesterol levels and cellular metabolism (Sallabi et al, 2021). Vitamin B3 has been reported to lower total cholesterol, bad cholesterol (such as LDL), triglycerides, and lipoprotein levels in the blood, which are factors often associated with obesity.…”

Immunological strip sensor for the rapid determination of niacin in dietary supplements and foods

“…Niacin (Vitamin B3, VB3) belongs to the B group of watersoluble vitamins and plays an important role in cell metabolism and human health. 1,2 Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is the active form of niacin, which is involved in the conversion of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins into energy. 3,4 Also, niacin has been used to improve the intestinal environment, lower low density lipoproteins, and treat neurological diseases and skin diseases.…”

Measurement of 7-dehydrocholesterol and cholesterol in hair can be used in the diagnosis of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome

“…The metabolome of conventional matrices (i.e., plasma, serum) sometimes can be dynamic, resulting in a relatively unstable composition depending on maternal condition, dietary or circadian variations. In contrast to the conventional matrices (i.e., plasma, serum), hair, as a complementary matrix, can reflect the biochemical level of infants in the prenatal stage and avoid the interference of diet after birth on the analysis results ( 12 ). This is because once analytes are incorporated into hair, they can remain unchanged without fluctuations in content caused by degradation or metabolism ( 13 ).…”

“…This is because once analytes are incorporated into hair, they can remain unchanged without fluctuations in content caused by degradation or metabolism ( 13 ). Hair can also be simply stored for a long time at room temperature and no strict anticorrosion measures are required during preservation or transportation procedure ( 12 , 14 ). The sample collection of hair can be convenient (without the need of trained professionals) and less invasive ( 12 ), which is more friendly to newborns, especially those who are sick.…”

“…Hair can also be simply stored for a long time at room temperature and no strict anticorrosion measures are required during preservation or transportation procedure ( 12 , 14 ). The sample collection of hair can be convenient (without the need of trained professionals) and less invasive ( 12 ), which is more friendly to newborns, especially those who are sick. Moreover, the analysis of hair has a much wider window of detection and could show the presence of analytes in individual’s body from a few weeks up to a year ( 12 ), which is meaningful for the biochemical level monitoring of some children and adult patients.…”