Determination of Water and Alkali Metal Oxide in Alkali Metal Salts of Selenium and Tellurium by Karl Fischer Titration.

Chiang, Peter T.; Cooper, W. Charles

doi:10.1021/ac60204a046

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Tellurous Acid H2te031

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1966

2024

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Cited by 2 publications

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“…Chiang and Cooper (19) obtained crystalline potassium tellurite dihydrate, K2Te03-2H20, and disodium tellurate dihydrate, Na2H4Te06-2H20, as well as the anhydrous compounds.…”

Section: Tellurous Acid H2te03mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Oxides and Oxyacids of Tellurium

Dutton¹,

Cooper²

1966

Chem. Rev.

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“…Chiang and Cooper (19) obtained crystalline potassium tellurite dihydrate, K2Te03-2H20, and disodium tellurate dihydrate, Na2H4Te06-2H20, as well as the anhydrous compounds.…”

Section: Tellurous Acid H2te03mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Oxides and Oxyacids of Tellurium

Dutton¹,

Cooper²

1966

Chem. Rev.

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“…On the contrary, the

{SO}_{2}

in the KF reagent reduces Se(IV), Te(IV), and Te(Vl) in sodium selenite, potassium tellurite, and disodium tetrahydrogen tellurate to metallic Se and Te. [ 66 ] Therefore, the final titre corresponds to the content of crystallization moisture and alkali metal oxide combined. One must determine the alkali metal oxide content of these compounds using another technique, and then determine the water content by the difference between the two analyses.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental methods in chemical engineering: Karl Fischer titration

Rivera‐Quintero,

Patience,

Patience

et al. 2024

Can J Chem Eng

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Karl Fischer titration (KF) measures the water content in organic and inorganic compounds. Water reacts with a titrant solution containing iodine and a sulphurous monoalkyl ester to produce a monoalkyl sulphate ester and HI. In volumetric titrators, a burette injects the titrant directly into a cell while coulometric titrators generate titrant in situ. Regardless of the volume of the sample, volumetric titration is limited to 100 mg, while coulometric titration is best suited for . KF is fast (), considered accurate (), and precise (). However, factors such as humidity, non‐standard analytes (hexane, isopropanol, ethylene glycol), tritrant composition, and temperature compromise its repeatability: the % sample standard deviation, (), varied from 2% to 60% (). This high variability is, in part, due to the experimental design that included samples and conditions ill‐suited for the technique. However, even for the tests for which KF is suitable, . Certain compounds react with the titrant, which increases the variability. The main sources of error affecting the analysis are ambient moisture, pH, solvent, sample handling, and titration speed. As of 2023, the Web of Science has indexed 1332 articles with Karl Fischer as a key word (Topic), but more than 3600 mentioning the technique (All fields). A bibliometric analysis classifies these contributions into five clusters: spectroscopy, stability, temperature, solubility, and mixtures.

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Determination of Water and Alkali Metal Oxide in Alkali Metal Salts of Selenium and Tellurium by Karl Fischer Titration.

Cited by 2 publications

References 12 publications

The Oxides and Oxyacids of Tellurium

The Oxides and Oxyacids of Tellurium

Experimental methods in chemical engineering: Karl Fischer titration

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