Determination of Water–Producing Zones While Underbalanced Drilling Horizontal Wells—Integration of Sigma Log and Real–Time Production Data

Gauthier, Philippe Jean; Hussain, Hassan; Bowling, John S.; Edwards, John E.; Heröld, Bernd

doi:10.2118/105166-ms

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…A similar behavior of the resistivity index curves has been reported by Gauthier et al (2007) for the Cretaceous carbonate reservoirs in Oman as shown in Fig. 2.…”

Section: Resistivity Hysteresis In Carbonatessupporting

confidence: 86%

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Integration of Dielectric Dispersion and 3D NMR Characterizes the Texture and Wettability of a Cretaceous Carbonate Reservoir

Aal

Daghar

Ramamoorthy

et al. 2013

SPE Middle East Oil and Gas Show and Conference

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Knowledge of rock texture and wettability are vital for the static and dynamic description of carbonate reservoirs. Conventional log measurements are limited in their applicability for the quantitative assessment of these attributes. Rapid variations of texture in carbonates diminishes the usefulness of core measurements on samples of limited size. Obtaining representative relative permeability by restoring core to native reservoir conditions, especially the original wettability state, is also very challenging.The dielectric response of clean carbonate rocks exhibit characteristic frequency dispersion patterns which depend on their texture and wettability. Dielectric measurements with multiple frequencies have become available enabling us to extract this information by inverting the tool data using a dispersive petrophysical model.The dielectric response is primarily sensitive to water, and provides a measure of the water phase tortuosity, which is a combination of texture and wettability, captured in the Archie's exponents m and n. Previous work has demonstrated the estimation of m from pore size distribution obtained from NMR data using an effective medium model. Formation Resistivity Factor data from core is presented to validate the model-derived m. In this work we propose a way to combine the cementation exponent so derived with the textural answers from the dielectric measurement to make a wettability estimate. We also assess the wettability from 3D NMR stations, using the increase in relaxation of oil manifested as shortening of the oil T 2 signal due to partial wetting of the oil phase. The methods are illustrated on a dataset from a Cretaceous carbonate, onshore Abu Dhabi. The interval surveyed in the subject well straddles an oil/water contact (OWC). The n exponent value derived by the method shows that the rock above the OWC is oil-wet in varying degrees. The inference on wettability state from the NMR data further supports the conclusions.

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“…A similar behavior of the resistivity index curves has been reported by Gauthier et al (2007) for the Cretaceous carbonate reservoirs in Oman as shown in Fig. 2.…”

Section: Resistivity Hysteresis In Carbonatessupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Hysteresis in the resistivity index as observed byGauthier et al (2007). Typical production test data for case study well; flowrate and pressure on the left and the pressure derivative on the right.…”

mentioning

confidence: 88%

Integration of Dielectric Dispersion and 3D NMR Characterizes the Texture and Wettability of a Cretaceous Carbonate Reservoir

Aal

Daghar

Ramamoorthy

et al. 2013

SPE Middle East Oil and Gas Show and Conference

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…al. 13 show how corroborating UBD data with resistivity data can lead to valuable information on reservoir permeability. Their approach represents the most sophisticated application of reservoir characterization reported in literature to date.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…al. 13 emphasize this in their works. Because of the importance of this correlation, logging-while-drilling (LWD) is strongly recommended for every UBD well.…”

Section: Correlation To Log Datamentioning

confidence: 94%

Use of a New Rate-Integral Productivity Index in Interpretation of Underbalanced Drilling Data for Reservoir Characterization

Suryanarayana

Kennedy²,

Vaidya³

et al. 2007

Proceedings of Production and Operations Symposium

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TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractThe prospect of dynamic reservoir characterization using flow and pressure data gathered during underbalanced drilling (UBD) is a powerful driver for implementation of UBD. The mathematical aspects of this complex, ill-posed, inverse problem have been the subject of research in the past decade. This paper focuses on practical, field implementation of UBD reservoir characterization, and the problems that consequently arise. Interpretation of data from UBD is made difficult by transducer errors, operational transients, and noise in data. It is therefore often very difficult to interpret the reservoir characteristics from the instantaneous productivity index (PI). In this paper, we introduce a parameter known as the Rate Integral Productivity Index (RIPI), which borrows from the theory of rate-transient analyses. The mathematical and physical basis of RIPI and its relationship to the instantaneous PI are presented. The behavior of RIPI and its implications for reservoir characterization are discussed. RIPI de-noises the data, and scales the problem such that the trends in data are more obvious, enabling robust interpretation of UBD data, and increasing the confidence in calls made regarding reservoir characteristics. Application of RIPI to field data is illustrated through several examples. Data acquisition, processing, and preparation for UBD reservoir characterization are discussed. In particular, the importance of filtering, de-noising, and identifying and excluding operationally induced transients is described. Limitations imposed by the data gathering methods are highlighted. It is shown that the ability of RIPI to reduce noise in raw PI data allows trends to be read more easily. The use of RIPI for static and dynamic characterization of supermatrix features (such as fractures, thief zones, etc.) is illustrated. The limitations of the approach and future trends are discussed.

show abstract

Use of New Rate-Integral Productivity Index in Interpretation of Underbalanced Drilling Data for Reservoir Characterization

Suryanarayana¹,

Kennedy²,

Vaidya

et al. 2007

Production and Operations Symposium

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The prospect of dynamic reservoir characterization using flow and pressure data gathered during underbalanced drilling (UBD) is a powerful driver for implementation of UBD. The mathematical aspects of this complex, ill-posed, inverse problem have been the subject of research in the past decade. This paper focuses on practical, field implementation of UBD reservoir characterization, and the problems that consequently arise. Interpretation of data from UBD is made difficult by transducer errors, operational transients, and noise in data. It is therefore often very difficult to interpret the reservoir characteristics from the instantaneous productivity index (PI). In this paper, we introduce a parameter known as the Rate Integral Productivity Index (RIPI), which borrows from the theory of rate-transient analyses. The mathematical and physical basis of RIPI and its relationship to the instantaneous PI are presented. The behavior of RIPI and its implications for reservoir characterization are discussed. RIPI de-noises the data, and scales the problem such that the trends in data are more obvious, enabling robust interpretation of UBD data, and increasing the confidence in calls made regarding reservoir characteristics. Application of RIPI to field data is illustrated through several examples. Data acquisition, processing, and preparation for UBD reservoir characterization are discussed. In particular, the importance of filtering, de-noising, and identifying and excluding operationally induced transients is described. Limitations imposed by the data gathering methods are highlighted. It is shown that the ability of RIPI to reduce noise in raw PI data allows trends to be read more easily. The use of RIPI for static and dynamic characterization of super-matrix features (such as fractures, thief zones, etc.) is illustrated. The limitations of the approach and future trends are discussed. Introduction When drilling underbalanced in permeable reservoir rock, the return fluid carries reservoir fluids and hence, it is presumed, a signature of the reservoir being drilled. Moreover, the signature is available while drilling, which allows discrimination between progressively exposed reservoir sections. If unraveled, this signature gives us information about the reservoir that is otherwise not easily available with the immediacy with which UBD operations provide it. The prospect of unraveling this signature and thus improving reservoir knowledge is increasingly seen as an important driver for application of UBD. During UBD, pressures and rates at the inlet (injection into drill string and/or concentric gas injection annulus between casing and tie-back) and outlet (choke) are usually measured. Downhole conditions (temperature, flowing wellbore pressure) are also often captured while drilling. In general, all of these measurements are time-varying. If the inverse problem is formulated properly, these known parameters can deliver the pore pressures, permeability and other production related characteristics of the reservoir. This can have significant benefits in reservoir characterization, production optimization, and in justification of UBD. In particular, the ability to characterize the reservoir during drilling enables the Petroleum Engineer to make immediate use of the knowledge in designing completions that optimize the performance of the well being drilled. Additionally, the evaluation and exploitation of opportunities can occur almost simultaneously, with powerful implications for decision making and maximizing asset value.

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Determination of Water–Producing Zones While Underbalanced Drilling Horizontal Wells—Integration of Sigma Log and Real–Time Production Data

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

Integration of Dielectric Dispersion and 3D NMR Characterizes the Texture and Wettability of a Cretaceous Carbonate Reservoir

Integration of Dielectric Dispersion and 3D NMR Characterizes the Texture and Wettability of a Cretaceous Carbonate Reservoir

Use of a New Rate-Integral Productivity Index in Interpretation of Underbalanced Drilling Data for Reservoir Characterization

Use of New Rate-Integral Productivity Index in Interpretation of Underbalanced Drilling Data for Reservoir Characterization

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