Determination of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate concentration and enrichment in human plasma using chemical ionization gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Walker, D.M.H.; Thaden, John J.; Wierzchowska-McNew, Raven; Engelen, M.P.; Deutz, Nicolaas E. P.

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.11.010

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The rate of appearance for HMB was 0.66 μmol/kg fat-free mass/hour that accounts for 0.66% of leucine turnover. 9 The HMB levels in blood plasma are 2-5 μM both before and after feeding a mixed meal, and the levels increase after consumption of a meal containing leucine.…”

Section: Synthesis and Metabolism Of Hmbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beta‐hydroxy‐beta‐methylbutyrate supplementation and skeletal muscle in healthy and muscle‐wasting conditions

Holeček

2017

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

201

154

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Beta‐hydroxy‐beta‐methylbutyrate (HMB) is a metabolite of the essential amino acid leucine that has been reported to have anabolic effects on protein metabolism. The aims of this article were to summarize the results of studies of the effects of HMB on skeletal muscle and to examine the evidence for the rationale to use HMB as a nutritional supplement to exert beneficial effects on muscle mass and function in various conditions of health and disease.The data presented here indicate that the beneficial effects of HMB have been well characterized in strength‐power and endurance exercise. HMB attenuates exercise‐induced muscle damage and enhances muscle hypertrophy and strength, aerobic performance, resistance to fatigue, and regenerative capacity. HMB is particularly effective in untrained individuals who are exposed to strenuous exercise and in trained individuals who are exposed to periods of high physical stress. The low effectiveness of HMB in strength‐trained athletes could be due to the suppression of the proteolysis that is induced by the adaptation to training, which may blunt the effects of HMB. Studies performed with older people have demonstrated that HMB can attenuate the development of sarcopenia in elderly subjects and that the optimal effects of HMB on muscle growth and strength occur when it is combined with exercise. Studies performed under in vitro conditions and in various animal models suggest that HMB may be effective in treatment of muscle wasting in various forms of cachexia. However, there are few clinical reports of the effects of HMB on muscle wasting in cachexia; in addition, most of these studies evaluated the therapeutic potential of combinations of various agents. Therefore, it has not been possible to determine whether HMB was effective or if there was a synergistic effect. Although most of the endogenous HMB is produced in the liver, there are no reports regarding the levels and the effects of HMB supplementation in subjects with liver disease. Several studies have suggested that anabolic effects of HMB supplementation on skeletal muscle do not occur in healthy, non‐exercising subjects.It is concluded that (i) HMB may be applied to enhance increases in the mass and strength of skeletal muscles in subjects who exercise and in the elderly and (ii) studies examining the effects of HMB administered alone are needed to obtain conclusions regarding the specific effectiveness in attenuating muscle wasting in various muscle‐wasting disorders.

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Section: Synthesis and Metabolism Of Hmbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beta‐hydroxy‐beta‐methylbutyrate supplementation and skeletal muscle in healthy and muscle‐wasting conditions

Holeček

2017

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

201

154

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“…The total HMB production is about 4 μmol/kg lean mass/day. We previously showed, using an incorporation tracer calculation, that whole body HMB production rate accounts for 0.66% of leucine turnover (17), also indicating that HMB production in the human body is very low.…”

Section: Measuring Hmb Kinetics To Obtain Endogenous Hmb Production Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate an effective anabolic agent to improve outcome in older diseased populations?

Engelen

Deutz

2018

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition &Amp; Metabolic Care

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“… 20 , 21 HMB is endogenously produced in the body in small amounts as a product of leucine metabolism—accounting for 0.66% of total leucine turnover. 22 Although HMB is also present in certain foods (e.g. avocado, catfish, cauliflower, and grapefruit), the level of intake to achieve a therapeutic dose would be impractical (typically 3 g/day administered in experimental and clinical research).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of β‐hydroxy β‐methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on muscle mass, function, and other outcomes in patients with cancer: a systematic review

Prado

Orsso

Pereira

et al. 2022

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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Low muscle mass is prevalent among patients with cancer and a predictor of adverse clinical outcomes. To counteract muscle loss, β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation has been proposed as a potential therapy for older adults and various diseases states. This systematic review aimed to investigate the effects and safety of HMB supplementation in relation to muscle mass and function and other clinical outcomes in patients with cancer. A systematic search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, ProQuest, and grey literature for reports published from inception to December 2021 was conducted. Included studies provided supplements containing any dose of HMB to adult patients with active cancer. A synthesis without meta-analysis was conducted using a vote-counting approach based solely on the direction of the effect (i.e. regardless of statistical significance). Risk of bias was assessed for each outcome domain, and evidence from higher-quality studies (i.e. those with either low or moderate risk of bias) was examined. Safety was evaluated using both lower-quality and higher-quality studies. Fifteen studies were included, in which six were randomized controlled trials in patients with various cancer types and treatments. Studies prescribed HMB combined with amino acids (73.3%), HMB in oral nutritional supplements (20.0%), or both supplement types (6.7%); Ca-HMB doses of 3.0 g/day were provided in 80.0% of the studies. Four studies had high risk of bias across all outcome domains. Considering the higher-quality studies, evidence of a beneficial effect of HMB supplementation was found in four of four studies for muscle mass, two of two for muscle function, three of three for hospitalization, and five of seven for survival. In contrast, no beneficial effects of HMB on quality of life or body weight was found in two of four and three of five studies, respectively. A limited number of higher-quality studies evaluating the impact of HMB on cancer therapy-related toxicity, inflammation, and tumour response were observed. No serious adverse effects directly related to the nutrition intervention were reported. Although limited, current evidence suggests that HMB supplementation has a beneficial effect on muscle mass and function in patients with cancer. Well-designed trials are needed to further explore the clinical benefit of HMB supplementation in this patient population.

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Determination of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate concentration and enrichment in human plasma using chemical ionization gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Cited by 11 publications

References 46 publications

Beta‐hydroxy‐beta‐methylbutyrate supplementation and skeletal muscle in healthy and muscle‐wasting conditions

Beta‐hydroxy‐beta‐methylbutyrate supplementation and skeletal muscle in healthy and muscle‐wasting conditions

Is β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate an effective anabolic agent to improve outcome in older diseased populations?

Effects of β‐hydroxy β‐methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on muscle mass, function, and other outcomes in patients with cancer: a systematic review

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