Determination of β-phenylethylamine concentrations in human plasma, platelets, and urine and in animal tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection

Tsuji, Motohiro; Ohi, Ken; Taga, Chiaki; Myojin, Tetsuro; Takahashi, Saburo

doi:10.1016/0003-2697(86)90068-0

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A combination of precolumn derivatization using o-phthalaldehyde with HPLCelectrochemical or fluorescence detection was also used to determine PEA in human plasma, 7,8,17,24,25,26 human cerebrospinal fluid, and human urine. 6,10,18,23,26 However, these previous HPLC methods were not successfully available for the routine analysis of human plasma PEA owing to interference by co-eluting endogenous compounds. Therefore, much more precise clean up procedures are required, instead of the previous solvent or solid phase extraction methods.…”

Section: Improved Methods For Determination Of β-Phenylethylamine In Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

IMPROVED METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF Β-Phenylethylamine IN HUMAN PLASMA BY SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION AND HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH FLUORESCENCE DETECTION

Kawamura

Matsumoto

Nakahara

et al. 2000

Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies

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A simple, selective, and reproducible method was developed for the quantitative determination of β-phenylethylamine (PEA) in human plasma. The method involved sample clean-up procedure by a solid-phase extraction using a Sep-Pak C 18 cartridge in the presence of phenylpropylamine (PPA) as an internal standard followed by pre-column fluorescence derivatization with o-phthalaldehyde, 2-mercaptoethanol. PEA and PPA were separated by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a C 18 reversed-phase column with a mobile phase consisting of a 0.0375 M acetate (pH 5.5)/acetonitrile (50:50, v/v) buffer and detected fluorometrically. A linear relationship was achieved between the peak area ratios of PEA/PPA and PEA concentrations over the range of 250 to 2000 pg/injection (one injection=40 µL). The limit of detection for PEA at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 was 4 pg/injection (100 pg/mL) in a standard solution. Total analysis was achieved in less than 25 minutes with the average PEA recov-

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Section: Improved Methods For Determination Of β-Phenylethylamine In Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

IMPROVED METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF Β-Phenylethylamine IN HUMAN PLASMA BY SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION AND HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH FLUORESCENCE DETECTION

Kawamura

Matsumoto

Nakahara

et al. 2000

Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies

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“…It is also present in foods such as chocolates 8 . Endogenous urinary excretion of phenethylamine in humans can be detected from 0.93‐ to 51.20‐ng/mg creatinine without the administration of the drug 9 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 Endogenous urinary excretion of phenethylamine in humans can be detected from 0.93-to 51.20-ng/mg creatinine without the administration of the drug. 9 It is well-known in forensic medicine that putrefactive amines such as phenethylamine are produced in autopsy urine samples, which have passed a certain degree of postmortem. [10][11][12] In postmortem urine samples, drug concentrations have been affected by bacterial degradation or residual tissue enzymatic activity, and the decomposition of the analytes may result in the production of phenethylamine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature and time after urine collection affect the detection of phenethylamine, a substance prohibited in sports

Nara

Nakajima

Yamada

et al. 2023

Drug Testing and Analysis

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2-Phenylethylamine (phenethylamine) and its derivatives are stimulant drugs, which are prohibited in sports because of their potential performance-enhancing properties.If phenethylamine is detected in an athlete's urine, the athlete may be subjected to serious sanctions, such as disqualification for both domestic and international competitions. Given the serious consequences athletes face for phenethylamine detection, great care should be taken to avoid false positive tests. In forensic medicine, it is widely known that phenethylamine is produced by putrefactive bacteria in autopsy urine samples; it is possible that this process could also occur in an athlete's urine sample without proper storage. In this study, human urine samples were stored at À20, 4, or 22 C for 14 days, and phenethylamine in the samples was quantitatively analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. No phenethylamine was detected in urine samples stored at À20 C throughout 14-day period. Nevertheless, phenethylamine was detected after 6 days in these samples stored at 4 C and after only 1 day in samples stored at 22 C.Additionally, the concentration of phenethylamine in these samples increased each day after detection. These results suggest that urine samples should be stored immediately at À20 C after collection when testing athletes for phenethylamine, especially if the sample must be stored for extended period before testing.

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“…PEA is metabolized by monoamine oxidase (Huebert et al, 1994) and primary amine oxidase enzymes (Tsuji et al, 1986). Although under normal physiologic conditions PEA is present in the circulation at low nanomolar concentrations (Udenfriend and Cooper, 1953;Berry, 2004), plasma levels can be increased by several hundred-fold in patients taking amine oxidase enzyme inhibitors (Saavedra, 1974;Reynolds et al, 1980;Nazarali et al, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Resistance Artery Tone by the Trace Amine β-Phenylethylamine: Dual Indirect Sympathomimetic and α₁-Adrenoceptor Blocking Actions

Narang

Kerr

Lunn

et al. 2014

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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The trace amine b-phenylethylamine (PEA) is normally present in the body at low nanomolar concentrations but can reach micromolar levels after ingestion of drugs that inhibit monoamine oxidase and primary amine oxidase. In vivo, PEA elicits a robust pressor response, but there is no consensus regarding the underlying mechanism, with both vasodilation and constriction reported in isolated blood vessels. Using functional and biochemical approaches, we found that at low micromolar concentrations PEA (1-30 mM) enhanced nerve-evoked vasoconstriction in the perfused rat mesenteric bed but at a higher concentration (100 mM) significantly inhibited these responses. The a 2 -adrenoceptor antagonist rauwolscine (1 mM) also enhanced nerve-mediated vasoconstriction, but in the presence of both rauwolscine (1 mM) and PEA (30 mM) together, nerveevoked responses were initially potentiated and then showed time-dependent rundown. PEA (10 and 100 mM) significantly increased noradrenaline outflow from the mesenteric bed as determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical detection. In isolated endothelium-denuded arterial segments, PEA (1 mM to 1 mM) caused concentrationdependent reversal of tone elicited by the a 1 -adrenoceptor agonists noradrenaline (EC 50 51.69 6 10.8 mM; n 5 5), methoxamine (EC 50 68.21 6 1.70 mM; n 5 5), and phenylephrine (EC 50 67.74 6 16.72 mM; n 5 5) but was ineffective against tone induced by prostaglandin F 2a or U46619 (9,11-dideoxy-9a,11a-methanoepoxyprostaglandin F 2a H]rauwolscine (K i % 1.2 mM), ligands for a 1 -and a 2 -adrenoceptors, respectively. These data provide the first demonstration that dual indirect sympathomimetic and a 1 -adrenoceptor blocking actions underlie the vascular effects of PEA in resistance arteries.

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Determination of β-phenylethylamine concentrations in human plasma, platelets, and urine and in animal tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection

Cited by 15 publications

References 23 publications

IMPROVED METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF Β-Phenylethylamine IN HUMAN PLASMA BY SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION AND HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH FLUORESCENCE DETECTION

IMPROVED METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF Β-Phenylethylamine IN HUMAN PLASMA BY SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION AND HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH FLUORESCENCE DETECTION

Temperature and time after urine collection affect the detection of phenethylamine, a substance prohibited in sports

Modulation of Resistance Artery Tone by the Trace Amine β-Phenylethylamine: Dual Indirect Sympathomimetic and α₁-Adrenoceptor Blocking Actions

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Determination of β-phenylethylamine concentrations in human plasma, platelets, and urine and in animal tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection

Cited by 15 publications

References 23 publications

IMPROVED METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF Β-Phenylethylamine IN HUMAN PLASMA BY SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION AND HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH FLUORESCENCE DETECTION

IMPROVED METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF Β-Phenylethylamine IN HUMAN PLASMA BY SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION AND HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH FLUORESCENCE DETECTION

Temperature and time after urine collection affect the detection of phenethylamine, a substance prohibited in sports

Modulation of Resistance Artery Tone by the Trace Amine β-Phenylethylamine: Dual Indirect Sympathomimetic and α1-Adrenoceptor Blocking Actions

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Modulation of Resistance Artery Tone by the Trace Amine β-Phenylethylamine: Dual Indirect Sympathomimetic and α₁-Adrenoceptor Blocking Actions