Determination of β₂-Agonists in Porcine Urine by Molecularly Imprinted Solid Phase Extraction Followed Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Detection

Abstract

A novel, sensitive, and robust method has been developed to detect 9 b 2 -agonists in porcine urine to monitor illegal use of b 2 -agonists in swine rearing. The method based on the molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) rapid extraction followed ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) detection. The cleaning efficiency of MIP cartridges was demonstrated by comparing with common ion exchange solid phase extraction. The presented method was validated in accordance with the European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. The linearity, decision limit (CCa), detection capability (CCb), recovery, precision, robustness, and stability were studied in detail. CCa and CCb values were from 0.006 ng/mL to 0.03 ng/mL and from 0.02 ng/mL to 0.08 ng/mL, respectively. The mean recoveries and repeatability varied from 68.8% to 94.2% and from 2.8% to 10.1%. The proposed method was applied to test 170 porcine urine samples from the Shaanxi province in China and two urine samples were confirmed as clenbuterol positive and the concentrations of clenbuterol in positive urine samples were about 0.08 ng/mL and 0.1 ng/mL, respectively. The developed method was demonstrated to be more sensitive and robust for the determination of 9 b 2 -agonists in porcine urine. The method was proven to be simple and easy in operation with high selectivity and good reproducibility.

Novel method for the rapid and specific extraction of multiple β2‐agonist residues in food by tailor‐made Monolith‐MIPs extraction disks and detection by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry

“…The illegal abuse of β 2 ‐agonists in breeding is detrimental to both animal and human health by inducing heart palpitations, diarrhea, muscle tremors, and even malignant tumors . Several analytical assays for β 2 ‐agonists have been described including CE , ELISA , HPLC , UHPLC–MS , LC–MS and LC–MS/MS , and GC–MS . However, in all the previously described analytical methods, a pretreatment for the selective enrichment of targets is necessary, especially in samples constituted with complex food matrix.…”