Determination of χ from liquid-liquid phase data in ternary polymer systems (solvent/polymer/polymer) with hydrogen bonding

Abstract

Abstract. Two different models accounting for the dependences of χ and g interaction parameters on both temperature and composition have been applied to different ternary polymer systems (TPS) solvent(1)/polymer(2)/polymer(3). The analyzed TPS have consisted on ten different polymer mixtures in chloroform as common solvent that can specifically interact via hydrogen bond. Experimental ternary phase diagrams determined by liquid chromatography were taken from literature. The application of the two models to the experimental data have served to obtain χij and gij interaction parameters for all the binary ij (ij = 12, 13, 23) interactions established between the three components of the system, with simplified mathematical procedures. The results have shown a fair agreement between the calculated and the literature values, at least when the model containing an empirical entropy correction is used. Moreover, the evaluated interaction parameters follow the expected behaviour as the content of the H-donor polymer in the mixture is raised and are also in good accordance with experimental viscometric data.

Synthesis and characterization of functional copolymer/organo-silicate nanoarchitectures through interlamellar complex-radical (co)terpolymerization

“…Character of this interaction strongly depends on the nature and functionality of the chosen monomer and polymer chains, which may provide an effective interaction with silicate layers via complex-formation, hydrogen bonding, and amidization/imidization reactions (in the case of primary alkyl amine modified MMT [4]). Effect of H-bonding in ternary solvent/protondonor polymer/proton-acceptor polymer system was also reported by Figueruelo et al [42]. Taking this principle into consideration, we have investigated the radical-initiated interlamellar copolymerization of MA as a strong hydrophilic electronacceptor monomer with BMA as an amphiphilic comonomer and interlamellar copolymerization of two monomer systems such as MA-BMA and itaconic acid (IA as a hydrophilic electron-acceptor monomer capable of H-bonding)-BMA in the presence of DMDA surface modified MMT silicate layers as a surfactant with positive charge tertiary amine group ending.…”

Influence of the Copolymer Content on the Miscibility, Phase Behaviour and Morphology of a DGEBA/Polystyrene/Styrene‐co‐Maleic Anhydride Ternary Blend

“…This experimental behaviour has been modelled by using a recent theoretical approach based on the Flory-Huggins lattice theory [10,[30][31][32] and takes into account the concentration and temperature dependences of the binary interaction parameters (x ij and e ij ) as well as an empirical entropy correction. [33,37,40,41] For a general ternary solvent(A)/polymer(B)/polymer(C) system, the Gibbs free energy change of mixing, the chemical potential for each component when two phases (g ¼ a and b) are in equilibrium, as well as the equations to calculate the volume fractions for each component in both phases, f g i , have been derived and published recently [10] and can be perfectly adapted to the present system formed by epoxy resin (A)/polymer (B)/copolymer (C).…”

“…To facilitate the reader, the calculation procedure and equations have been gathered in the section 'Appendix' and have been mathematically solved by using the Mathematica 1 5.2 software [42] which previously requires the evaluation of some binary parameters that are temperature and composition dependent, [37] such as c ij , D ij , a ij , x ij or " ij (ij ¼ AB, AC, BC). By substituting the corresponding parameters into Equations (9)-(11), the final compositions of each component in the two phases were calculated.…”

“…where x ij and e ij are also concentration and temperaturedependent interaction parameters defined, respectively, as: [37] x ij ¼ a ij þ D ij 1 À f i À c ij f j…”

“…For this reason, the experimental results have been fitted with a formalism based on the classical Flory-Huggins lattice model [30][31][32][33][34][35][36] by using interaction parameters depending on both temperature and composition, x(T,f). [37,38] The aim of this paper is to study the influence of different variables such as blend composition, chemical nature of the copolymer, and MA (comonomer) content in the copolymer on the epoxy resin miscibility and phase behaviour. Finally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs have been used to examine the morphological changes observed in the cross-linked epoxy resin networks as a function of the copolymer amount in the thermoplastic blend and to correlate miscibility zones with blend composition.…”