Determining end-of-life strategies as a part of product definition

Efficiency and feasibility of product disassembly: A case-based study

“…Other methods for determining the remaining lifetime of components include machine condition monitoring [33] and statistical pattern analysis [60]. Vibration analysis [60] and Weibull analysis [50] are some of the most commonly used methods to determine mean-time-to-failure (MTTF) and meantime-between-failure (MTBF).…”

“…Vibration analysis [60] and Weibull analysis [50] are some of the most commonly used methods to determine mean-time-to-failure (MTTF) and meantime-between-failure (MTBF).…”

Waste management of electric and electronic equipment: comparative analysis of end-of-life strategies

“…There are five basic end-of-life strategies. In accordance with their potential economic and environmental efficiency, the strategies can be ranked as follows: 2,5 1. re-use; 2. servicing; 3. remanufacturing; 4. recycling; 5. disposal.…”

“…2,4,5 In general terms, it is known that both the design process and the collection method to recover discarded products have a fundamental role in determining the efficiency of a given end-of-life strategy. 5 The design process defines all product characteristics such as material composition, performance, and costs. 4 Therefore, design has an implicit role in defining the best end-of-life practice for a given product.…”

“…4 Therefore, design has an implicit role in defining the best end-of-life practice for a given product. 2,4,5 In this context, the design toolbox or "design for X" (DfX) in a contemporary design process is an integrative method for cost-effective and high-quality life-cycle management. 2 Some examples of DfX in relation to specific EOL issues are the design for environment (DfE or eco-design), disassembly, serviceability, re-use, repair, and recycling.…”