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This paper describes the structured methodology for formulating end-of-life strategies, using specific examples from consumer electronics products. The End-of-Life Design Advisor (ELDA), a web based tool, was developed to determine what end-of-life strategy is possible according to the products' technical characteristics. The classification of end-of-life strategies is compared with current industry practice, in order to evaluate and validate the method. ELDA succeeded in classifying end-of-life strategies in agreement with industry best practices for 86% of the products. This ability to classify end-oflife strategies enables designers to redesign products that move to end-of-life strategies with lower environmental impact. This paper also presents preliminary work on the calculation of the environmental impact of the end-of-life strategies, through a model called End-of-Life Strategy Environmental Impact Model (ELSEIM). By understanding better the end-of-life strategy appropriate for the product, the research results can help designers develop appropriate (and profitable) end-of-life strategies for their unique position, systematically.

Prediction of end-of-life strategies early in design leads to improved eco-efficient product and processes. This paper describes the development of an internet-based tool, End-of-Life Design Advisor (ELDA), that guides product developers to specify appropriate end-of-life strategies. The study began with surveys of end-of-life strategies currently used in the electronics industry that identified key product characteristics that influence end-of-life strategies. The survey led to a scheme for identifying suitable product end-of-life strategies early in the design cycle of a broad range of products. The end-of-life strategy categorization in ELDA is a result of statistical analysis applied to twelve characteristics across twenty products. The tool aids product designers, recycling technology developers, and policy makers.