Determining optimal conditions to produce activated carbon from barley husks using single or dual optimization

Loredo‐Cancino, Margarita; Soto-Regalado, Eduardo; Cerino-Córdova, F. J.; García-Reyes, Refugio Bernardo; García-León, Azucena Minerva; Garza-González, M. T.

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.03.028

Cited by 73 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, the iodine adsorption of activated carbon prepared with activation temperature of 600°C is higher than that of activated carbon prepared with activation temperature of 500°C for all impregnation ratios. This is due to more extensive volatile matter degradation and increased reaction of KOH and surface carbon at higher activation temperature [ 20 ]. The iodine adsorption at the activation temperature of 700°C was highest for activated carbon prepared using 1.0 : 1 impregnation ratio.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Properties of Activated Carbon Prepared from Tamarind Seeds by KOH Activation for Fe(III) Adsorption from Aqueous Solution

Mopoung

Moonsri

Palas

et al. 2015

The Scientific World Journal

241

100

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This research studies the characterization of activated carbon from tamarind seed with KOH activation. The effects of 0.5 : 1–1.5 : 1 KOH : tamarind seed charcoal ratios and 500–700°C activation temperatures were studied. FTIR, SEM-EDS, XRD, and BET were used to characterize tamarind seed and the activated carbon prepared from them. Proximate analysis, percent yield, iodine number, methylene blue number, and preliminary test of Fe(III) adsorption were also studied. Fe(III) adsorption was carried out by 30 mL column with 5–20 ppm Fe(III) initial concentrations. The percent yield of activated carbon prepared from tamarind seed with KOH activation decreased with increasing activation temperature and impregnation ratios, which were in the range from 54.09 to 82.03 wt%. The surface functional groups of activated carbon are O–H, C=O, C–O, –CO3, C–H, and Si–H. The XRD result showed high crystallinity coming from a potassium compound in the activated carbon. The main elements found in the activated carbon by EDS are C, O, Si, and K. The results of iodine and methylene blue adsorption indicate that the pore size of the activated carbon is mostly in the range of mesopore and macropore. The average BET pore size and BET surface area of activated carbon are 67.9764 Å and 2.7167 m2/g, respectively. Finally, the tamarind seed based activated carbon produced with 500°C activation temperature and 1.0 : 1 KOH : tamarind seed charcoal ratio was used for Fe(III) adsorption test. It was shown that Fe(III) was adsorbed in alkaline conditions and adsorption increased with increasing Fe(III) initial concentration from 5 to 20 ppm with capacity adsorption of 0.0069–0.019 mg/g.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Properties of Activated Carbon Prepared from Tamarind Seeds by KOH Activation for Fe(III) Adsorption from Aqueous Solution

Mopoung

Moonsri

Palas

et al. 2015

The Scientific World Journal

241

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Agroindustrial waste (AW) is an attractive source of value-added materials, such as biofuels (Fabbri et al, 2007), oil (Sanz Requena et al, 2011), livestock feed (Kiers et al, 2003), among others. Several AW have been tested as precursors in the production of activated carbon, including agave bagasse (Nieto-Delgado and Rangel-Mendez, 2011), barley husks (Loredo-Cancino et al, 2013), coconut shell (Gratuito et al, 2008), tamarind wood (Acharya et al, 2009), chestnut shells (Ruiz et al, 2017), pomegranate wood (Ghaedi et al, 2015), coffee waste, wood sawdust, and apple waste (Rovani et al, 2016). In this study, soybean shell (SS) were used as precursor for activated carbon production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical-environmental optimisation of the activated carbon production of an agroindustrial waste by means response surface and life cycle assessment

et al. 2017

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In this study, a simultaneous optimisation of technical and environmental parameters for activated carbon production from soybean shells is presented. A 2 factorial design was developed to explore the performance of the technical responses yield and iodine number, and the single score of ReCiPe endpoint method, which was evaluated by means the life cycle assessment. The independent factors included in the design of experiments were the impregnation ratio, temperature, and time activation. Three quadratic equations were obtained and simultaneously optimised by maximisation of the overall desirability function. The principal results of the individual responses indicate that the iodine number is practically independent of the activation temperature in a range of 450 ºC-650 ºC; the yield is inversely proportional to activation time and exhibits minimum values between 500 ºC-600 ºC; and the environmental response single score presents the lowest value at a temperature and time activation of 450 ºC and 30 min, respectively. The most polluting stage of activated carbon production from soybean shells production is the impregnation stage, mainly for the use of ZnCl as activating agent and the energy consumption. The simultaneous optimisation of the three responses indicates that the optimal activated carbon should be produced at 180 min, 650 ºC, and an impregnation ratio of 1 g soybean shell g ZnCl.

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“…Currently, biomass agricultural waste materials such as rice husks [2], rice straw [3], waste tea [4], olive waste [5], coffee husks [6], barley husks [7], forest industries waste materials such as sawdust [8], fibers [9], switchgrass [10], bamboo culms [11], and agricultural-industries waste such as oil palm shell [12] etc. were used as raw materials for preparing AC, because these materials possess high carbon contents and are low in cost [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A low cost and highly efficient adsorbent (activated carbon) prepared from waste potato residue

Zhang

Luo

Liu

et al. 2015

Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers

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Determining optimal conditions to produce activated carbon from barley husks using single or dual optimization

Cited by 73 publications

References 24 publications

Characterization and Properties of Activated Carbon Prepared from Tamarind Seeds by KOH Activation for Fe(III) Adsorption from Aqueous Solution

Characterization and Properties of Activated Carbon Prepared from Tamarind Seeds by KOH Activation for Fe(III) Adsorption from Aqueous Solution

Technical-environmental optimisation of the activated carbon production of an agroindustrial waste by means response surface and life cycle assessment

A low cost and highly efficient adsorbent (activated carbon) prepared from waste potato residue

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