Determining Parametrical Functions Defining the Deformations of a Plane Strain Tensile Rubber Sample

Stoček, Radek; Stěnička, Martin; Maloch, Jaroslav

doi:10.1007/12_2020_78

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…USD method refers to "upside down", i.e., the elastomer was added after carbon black and TD method refers to "top down", i.e., carbon black was introduced after the elastomer in the internal mixer. After the mixing steps, the samples were molded into plane strain geometry (PS) specimens [31] (Length=35mm, height =5mm, width =0.8mm, this geometry being also called Pure Shear geometry in some publications) by hot pressing at 170°C under 190 MPa for 12 min. Curing time was estimated from torque measurements performed using a Monsanto rheometer analyzer.…”

Section: Composition and Materials Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crack propagation in filled elastomers: 3D study of mechanisms involving the filler agglomerates

Kallungal

Chazeau

Chenal

et al. 2022

Engineering Fracture Mechanics

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Section: Composition and Materials Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crack propagation in filled elastomers: 3D study of mechanisms involving the filler agglomerates

Kallungal

Chazeau

Chenal

et al. 2022

Engineering Fracture Mechanics

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“…Plane strain fatigue crack growth (FCG) test pieces were used to characterise cyclic FCG behaviour as has previously been described by Stocek et al (2020). The material model developed related the rate of crack growth per fatigue cycle in the elastomer to the strain energy release rate.…”

Section: Cyclic Plane Strain Fatiguementioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Thermal Ageing on the Fatigue Resistance of Hydrogenated Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber (HNBR) Compounds

Shaw

Ramier

Busfield

2022

Degradation of Elastomers in Practice, Experiments and Modeling

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Compounds incorporating hydrogenated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) are widely adopted in applications that operate under extreme conditions such as at high temperatures, often whilst in contact with oil and other chemicals. They also work effectively when subjected to high strains and high strain rates. The detailed mechanisms that allow these materials to perform so well under these specific conditions are not yet fully understood. In this study a high acrylonitrile (ACN) content HNBR is incorporated into four different rubber compounds that are subjected to different thermal ageing conditions to investigate their impact on fatigue crack growth resistance of the cured compound. The resulting compounds are subjected to detailed DSC, TGA and FTIR analysis to help understand the changes that take place in the compounds during ageing for the first time. Counterintuitively, in this work ageing under specific set of conditions can produce an increase in the fatigue crack resistance in some of the elastomer compounds and when this happens it is observed that this occurs when the HNBR compounds develop knottier tearing profiles. Analysis of the DSC, FTIR and TGA results confirm that during ageing there is a steady evolution of the some of the ingredients in the compound such as the processing oils and the plasticiser which appears to have a significant effect on the fatigue properties of the HNBR materials.

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“…The FCG behavior of the compounds was evaluated using a plane strain 38,39 test specimen measuring approximately 155 3 12.5 3 2 mm, into which an ~25-mm crack was cut with a razor blade. Before starting the crack growth test procedure, the specimen was cycled at the lowest applied fatigue displacement for 10 kcycles to precondition the crack tip.…”

Section: Fatigue Crack Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior of Carbon Black–reinforced Natural Rubber

Tunnicliffe

2021

Rubber Chemistry and Technology

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Fatigue crack growth behavior of carbon black–reinforced natural rubber is investigated. Rubber compounds of Shore A = 70 are prepared by varying the formulation loadings of a wide range of carbon black types based on their structure and surface area properties. The resulting fatigue crack growth behavior shows significant variation in β exponent values, depending on the properties of the carbon black. These variations are rationalized by considering the strain amplification of natural rubber by carbon black aggregates in the region of compound directly ahead of the crack tip. An assumption is made that little networking of the carbon black aggregates exists in this region of very high strain and that hydrodynamic calculations that consider occluded rubber can therefore provide realistic values for strain amplification. A reasonable scaling of power law crack growth parameters to calculated strain amplification factors is found, with the exponent, β, decreasing with increasing strain amplification. The implication here is that enhanced strain amplification promotes the formation of strain-induced crystallites in the crack tip region. Performance tradeoffs resulting from the crossover of crack growth data sets dependent on the carbon black type are discussed. Of practical significance is the fact that the strain amplification factors can be calculated directly from knowledge of carbon black type and loading in rubber formulations.

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Determining Parametrical Functions Defining the Deformations of a Plane Strain Tensile Rubber Sample

Cited by 13 publications

References 31 publications

Crack propagation in filled elastomers: 3D study of mechanisms involving the filler agglomerates

Crack propagation in filled elastomers: 3D study of mechanisms involving the filler agglomerates

The Effect of Thermal Ageing on the Fatigue Resistance of Hydrogenated Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber (HNBR) Compounds

Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior of Carbon Black–reinforced Natural Rubber

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