Determining the impact of prenatal tobacco exposure on self-regulation at 6 months.

Wiebe, Sandra A.; Fang, Hua; Johnson, Craig; James, Karen; Espy, Kimberly Andrews

doi:10.1037/a0035904

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Data for the present study were drawn from three waves of the MIDS, collected during pregnancy (28 weeks gestational age), and when children were 6 and 36 months old. MIDS is a predominantly low SES cohort (sample SES and demographic information is presented in Table ) prospectively recruited to study the effects of prenatal tobacco exposure on cognitive development (Espy et al, ; Wiebe et al, ; Wiebe, Fang, Johnson, James, & Espy, ). Mothers were recruited during pregnancy at two Midwestern study sites (Carbondale, Illinois, and Lincoln, Nebraska) and provided written, informed consent prior to their participation in the study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic status and executive function in early childhood: Exploring proximal mechanisms

Vrantsidis

Clark

Chevalier

et al. 2019

Developmental Science

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Although there is substantial evidence that socioeconomic status (SES) predicts children's executive function (EF), the mechanisms underlying this association are poorly understood. This study tested the utility of two theories proposed to link SES to children's EF: the family stress model and the family investment model. Data came from the Midwestern Infant Development Study (N = 151). To measure SES, parental education and income were assessed during pregnancy, and income was also assessed when children were 6 and 36 months old. Children's EF, operationalized as working memory/inhibitory control (WMIC) and self‐control, was assessed at 36 months of age, along with potential mediators including maternal psychological distress, harsh parenting, and cognitive stimulation. Using structural equation modeling, we tested simultaneous pathways from SES to EF: (a) via maternal psychological distress to harsh parenting (family stress model) and (b) via cognitive stimulation (family investment model). Of the SES measures, lower education predicted poorer WMIC directly and indirectly via greater maternal psychological distress. Lower education also predicted poorer self‐control via greater maternal psychological distress. This effect was partially suppressed by an indirect path from lower education to better self‐control via greater psychological distress and increased harsh parenting. Cognitive stimulation did not act as a mediator. Income was not directly or indirectly associated with EF. These findings provide partial support for the family stress model and suggest that family functioning is an important proximal mechanism for children's EF development. This study also highlights the importance of considering SES as a multidimensional construct.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic status and executive function in early childhood: Exploring proximal mechanisms

Vrantsidis

Clark

Chevalier

et al. 2019

Developmental Science

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“…As such, it makes sense to consider potential sex differences in vulnerability to PTE. There is some evidence that boys are more vulnerable: PTE's effect on birthweight is greater in boys than girls (Tayie & Powell, 2012), and sex has been found to moderate PTE's effects on attention and irritability in infancy (Pickett et al, 2008;Schuetze et al, 2008Schuetze et al, , 2013Willoughby et al, 2007; but for an exception, see Wiebe et al, 2014). Several studies have found that PTE is more strongly associated with externalizing behavior in boys, in independent samples assessed in early childhood and preadolescence (Hutchinson, Pickett, Green, & Wakschlag, 2010;Wakschlag & Hans, 2002).…”

Section: Sex Differences In Pte Vulnerabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal tobacco exposure and self-regulation in early childhood: Implications for developmental psychopathology

Wiebe

Clark²,

Jong³

et al. 2015

Dev Psychopathol

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Prenatal tobacco exposure (PTE) has a well-documented association with disruptive behavior in childhood, but the neurocognitive effects of exposure that underlie this link are not sufficiently understood. The present study was designed to address this gap, through longitudinal follow-up in early childhood of a prospectively enrolled cohort with well-characterized prenatal exposure. Three-year-old children (n = 151) were assessed using a developmentally sensitive battery capturing both cognitive and motivational aspects of self-regulation. PTE was related to motivational self-regulation, where children had to delay approach to attractive rewards, but not cognitive self-regulation, where children had to hold information in mind and inhibit prepotent motor responses. Furthermore, PTE predicted motivational self-regulation more strongly in boys than in girls, and when propensity scores were covaried to control for confounding risk factors, the effect of PTE on motivational self-regulation was significant only in boys. These findings suggest that PTE's impact on neurodevelopment may be greater in boys than in girls, perhaps reflecting vulnerability in neural circuits that subserve reward sensitivity and emotion regulation, and may also help to explain why PTE is more consistently related to disruptive behavior disorders than attention problems.

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“…There are certainly other quasi-experimental approaches (Rutter et al, 2001), such as Mendelian randomization (Wiebe, Fang, Johnson, James, & Espy, 2014) and natural experiments (e.g., across pregnancy; Class et al, 2014), as well as advances in the use of statistical covariates (e.g., propensity scores; West et al, 2014), that can help provide insight into causal mechanisms through which early risk factors influence later psychopathology because the approaches have different assumptions and limitations than those discussed here. We stress that the existing research using quasi-experimental designs as a whole clearly illustrates that such approaches are absolutely critical for studying early risk factors (Academy of Medical Sciences Working Group, 2007).…”

Section: Summary and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this article, we reviewed several family‐based, quasi‐experimental designs and documented how research using these approaches has shed light on the DOHaD hypothesis as it relates to psychopathology. Other quasi‐experimental approaches that have different assumptions and limitations (Rutter et al., ), such as Mendelian randomization (Wiebe, Fang, Johnson, James, & Espy, ) and natural experiments (e.g., across pregnancy; Class et al., in press), along with advances in the use of statistical covariates (e.g., propensity scores; West et al., ) can also provide insight into causal mechanisms through which early risk factors influence later psychopathology. Research using quasi‐experimental designs has illustrated that such approaches are critical for studying early risk factors (Academy of Medical Sciences Working Group, ).…”

Section: Summary and Looking Aheadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Hypothesis for Psychopathology Using Family‐Based, Quasi‐Experimental Designs

D’Onofrio

Class

Lahey

et al. 2014

Child Dev Perspectives

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The Developmental Origin of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis is a broad theoretical framework that emphasizes how early risk factors have a causal influence on psychopathology. Researchers have raised concerns about the causal interpretation of statistical associations between early risk factors and later psychopathology because most existing studies have been unable to rule out the possibility of environmental and genetic confounding. In this paper we illustrate how family-based quasi-experimental designs can test the DOHaD hypothesis by ruling out alternative hypotheses. We review the logic underlying sibling-comparison, co-twin control, offspring of siblings/twins, adoption, and in vitro fertilization designs. We then present results from studies using these designs focused on broad indices of fetal development (low birth weight and gestational age) and a particular teratogen, smoking during pregnancy. The results provide mixed support for the DOHaD hypothesis for psychopathology, illustrating the critical need to use design features that rule out unmeasured confounding.

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Determining the impact of prenatal tobacco exposure on self-regulation at 6 months.

Cited by 19 publications

References 68 publications

Socioeconomic status and executive function in early childhood: Exploring proximal mechanisms

Socioeconomic status and executive function in early childhood: Exploring proximal mechanisms

Prenatal tobacco exposure and self-regulation in early childhood: Implications for developmental psychopathology

Testing the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Hypothesis for Psychopathology Using Family‐Based, Quasi‐Experimental Designs

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