Determining the Load Inertia Contribution from Different Power Consumer Groups

Thiesen, Henning; Jauch, Clemens

doi:10.3390/en13071588

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The estimated inertia constant for the gas-fired gen-set (5.9 s) is in line with inertia values of gas-fired gen-sets reported in the literature [27]. The inertia provided by the loads is known from Thiesen and Jauch [19].…”

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confidence: 83%

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Grid Support with Wind Turbines: The Case of the 2019 Blackout in Flensburg

Gloe

Jauch

Räther³

2021

Energies

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The work presented in this paper aims to show how modern wind turbines can help to control the frequency in a small grid which suffers from large power imbalances. It is shown for an exemplary situation, which occurred in Flensburg’s distribution grid in 2019: a major blackout, which occurred after almost two hours in islanding operation, affecting almost the entire distribution grid, which supplies approximately 55,000 households and businesses. For the analysis, a wind turbine model and a grid support controller developed at the Wind Energy Technology Institute are combined with real measurements from the day of the blackout to generate a fictional yet realistic case study for such an islanding situation. For this case study, it is assumed that wind turbines with grid support functionalities are connected to the medium voltage distribution grid of the city. It is shown to what extent wind turbines can help to operate the grid by providing grid frequency support in two ways: By supplying synthetic inertia only, where the wind turbines can help to limit the rate of change of frequency in the islanded grid directly after losing the connection to the central European grid. In combination with the primary frequency control capabilities of the wind turbines (WTs), the disconnection of one gen set in the local power station might have been avoided. Furthermore, wind turbines with primary frequency control capabilities could have restored the grid frequency to 50 Hz shortly after the islanding situation even if the aforementioned gen-set was lost. This would have allowed connecting a backup medium voltage line to the central European grid and thereby avoiding the blackout.

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confidence: 83%

“…However, after approximately 15 min the electricity demand rose so much that cascaded load shedding was inevitable. The exact load shedding sequence is described in Thiesen and Jauch [19]. 1 The sources of the reported inertias are described in Section 2.3.1.…”

Section: Detailed Description Of the Blackoutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grid Support with Wind Turbines: The Case of the 2019 Blackout in Flensburg

Gloe

Jauch

Räther³

2021

Energies

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“…Thereby, the grid frequency nadir is reduced [2]. An inherent inertial response is provided by all synchronously connected rotating masses from the power generation side and from the power consumption side as well [22].…”

Section: Synchronous Inertiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Open Inertia Modelling (OpInMod) - An Open Source Approach to Model Economic Inertia Dispatch in Power Systems

Thiesen¹

2022

Preprint

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Open Inertia Modelling (OpInMod) is a modelling framework designed to create unit commitment and economic inertia dispatch optimisation problems. Present energy system modelling generators do not consider power system inertia in unit commitment and economic dispatch modelling to assess future energy system pathways. However, maintaining sufficient power system inertia in power systems is the foundation for power frequency controllability. The work at hand describes the functionality and approaches of open source tool OpInMod. The softwares universal design approach increases reuse potential. OpInMod is distributed with a set of examples to test and understand OpInMod

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“…It is not stated by the TSO whether inertia provided by power loads is taken into account. However, literature shows that about 20% of the average system inertia is supplied by power consumers [4,32]. To take this fact into account, two assumptions for the required inertia, in this case the required stored kinetic energy, are made.…”

Section: Power Market Data and Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a New Dispatch Methodology to Identify the Influence of Inertia Supplying Wind Turbines on Day-Ahead Market Sales Volumes

Thiesen

Jauch

2021

Energies

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Power system inertia is an essential part of grid frequency control. The number of synchronously connected machines, which inherently provide inertia, is decreasing due to the transition to renewable energies. Conventional generation units are being replaced by renewable generation units which are connected to the grid via frequency converters. Some power systems already suffer from too little power system inertia. Hence, inertia is a valuable yet non-traded commodity. A day-ahead dispatch methodology to secure power system inertia was developed and is applied and assessed in this work. Day-ahead market data of the combined market of the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland is used. If the superimposition of sell and buy bids results in insufficient inertia, the dispatch algorithm is applied. In decreasing price order, non-inertia-providing sell bids get replaced by the following sell bids in the merit order. The iterative process is repeated until sufficient inertia is in the system. The provision of synthetic inertia by wind turbines is considered in the process. The costs for additional stored kinetic energy for the assessed time periods and scenarios result in costs ranging from 1.02 to 4.49 EUR/kgm2.

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Determining the Load Inertia Contribution from Different Power Consumer Groups

Cited by 25 publications

References 16 publications

Grid Support with Wind Turbines: The Case of the 2019 Blackout in Flensburg

Grid Support with Wind Turbines: The Case of the 2019 Blackout in Flensburg

Open Inertia Modelling (OpInMod) - An Open Source Approach to Model Economic Inertia Dispatch in Power Systems

Application of a New Dispatch Methodology to Identify the Influence of Inertia Supplying Wind Turbines on Day-Ahead Market Sales Volumes

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