Determining the relative effectiveness of islanding detection methods using phase criteria and nondetection zones

Ropp, Michael; Begović, Miroslav; Rohatgi, A.; Kern, Greg; Bonn, Russell H.; Gonzalez, Sigifredo

doi:10.1109/60.875495

Cited by 278 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…To avoid lengthening this report excessively, all of those mappings are not repeated here, but the reader is encouraged to review references [1,2,3]. All grid-connected PV inverters are required to have over/under frequency protection methods (OFP/UFP) and over/under voltage protection methods (OVP/UVP) that cause the PV inverter to stop supplying power to the utility grid if the frequency or amplitude of the voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC) between the customer and the utility strays outside of prescribed limits.…”

Section: Methods For Detection Of Islandingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of this concern, the standard over/under voltage and frequency protective devices alone are generally considered to be insufficient anti-islanding protection. A mapping of the NDZ of the four standard over/under voltage and frequency protection methods in the RLC load space and the DP-DQ space can be found in the literature [1,3]. As an example, the NDZ of the over/under frequency protective devices in the RLC load space is plotted in Figure 2a.…”

Section: Ndzmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Islanding Detection Methods for Utility-Interactive Inverters in Photovoltaic Systems

Bower¹,

Ropp²

2002

280

281

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This report describes the various methods and circuits that have been developed to detect an islanding condition for photovoltaic applications and presents three methods that have been developed to test those methods and circuits. Passive methods for detecting an islanding condition basically monitor parameters such as voltage and frequency and/or their characteristics and cause the inverter to cease converting power when there is sufficient transition from normal specified conditions. Active methods for detecting the island introduce deliberate changes or disturbances to the connected circuit and then monitor the response to determine if the utility grid with its stable frequency, voltage and impedance is still connected. If the small perturbation is able to affect the parameters of the load connection within prescribed requirements, the active circuit causes the inverter to cease power conversion and delivery of power to the loads. The methods not resident in the inverter are generally controlled by the utility or have communications between the inverter and the utility to affect an inverter shut down when necessary. This report also describes several test methods that may be used for determining whether the anti-islanding method is effective. The test circuits and methodologies used in the U.S. have been chosen to limit the number of tests by measuring the reaction of a single or small number of inverters under a set of consensus-based worst-case conditions. FOREWORDThis report has been prepared as part of Sandia National Laboratories' Photovoltaic Systems Research and Development work for the U.S. Department of Energy. Sandia is the DOE's lead laboratory for photovoltaic systems research. The development and approach for accomplishing meaningful systems goals for the nation's photovoltaic program and the photovoltaic industry is defined through five technical objectives: (1) reduce the life-cycle costs; (2) improve the reliability; (3) increase and assure the performance and safety of fielded systems; (4) remove barriers to the use of the technology; and (5) support market growth for commercial U.S. photovoltaic systems. This evaluation of the various islanding detection methods for photovoltaic inverters and utility-interactive power systems complements Sandia's photovoltaic inverter development and evaluation goals, provides valuable information for standards and codes input, and summarizes the strengths and weaknesses of the developed anti-islanding methods available today. ABSTRACTThis report describes the various methods and circuits that have been developed to detect an islanding condition for photovoltaic applications and presents methods that have been developed to test those methods and circuits. The methods described are separated into three categories. They are:

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Section: Methods For Detection Of Islandingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ndzmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Islanding Detection Methods for Utility-Interactive Inverters in Photovoltaic Systems

Bower¹,

Ropp²

2002

280

281

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“…The passive techniques look for some parameter deviations like voltage magnitude [7], rate of change of frequency [8], harmonics [9], or Phase angle displacement [10]. In the islanding mode, these parameters vary largely at the PCC.…”

Section: Passive Islanding Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of Passive and Active Islanding Detection Methods for PV Grid-Connected Systems

2018

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Photovoltaic (PV) power grid-connected systems have the advantages of being prompt and reliable supplies of electrical power. Nevertheless, the installation and operation requirements from the grid side have to be fulfilled in order to guarantee the security of the PV system technicians and the efficiency of the power system. Particularly, the potential for "islanding" is one of the dreads that are brought about by PV grid-connected systems. To be able to tackle these concerns, this paper investigates recent islanding detection techniques and topologies for PV systems. Active islanding detection techniques apply regular disturbances to the inverter system and then analyze the output voltage or frequency to investigate the islanding and stability of the grid. If the injected disturbances influence the load voltage or frequency, the controller forces the intermediate inverter to stop sending power to the connected load. In addition, several islanding detection techniques that inject a periodical signal to the reference current that causes a change in the magnitude of inverter output voltage when islanding happens in a three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected system are discussed. The validity of the proposed technique is tested and verified through PSIM software.

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“…Na Tabela 2.2 podem ser vistas as expressões do critério de fase para os métodos anti-ilhamento mais comuns, de acordo com (ROPP et al, 2000).…”

Section: Região De Não Detecção (Ndz)unclassified

“…Contudo, para cada valor de é necessário plotar curvas diferentes. A expressão de é dada por (ROPP et al, 2000):…”

Section: Tabela 22 Critérios De Fase Dos Principais Métodos Ativosunclassified

Estudo sobre a interação de métodos anti-ilhamento para sistemas fotovoltaicos conectados à rede de distribuição de baixa tensão com múltiplos inversores.

Silva¹

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Este trabalho estuda a interação entre os métodos anti-ilhamento aplicados em sistemas fotovoltaicos residenciais, operando simultaneamente em uma rede de distribuição de baixa tensão. Os sistemas fotovoltaicos em geral interagem entre si, com a rede de distribuição da concessionária e com outras fontes de geração distribuída. Uma consequência importante dessa interação é a ocorrência do ilhamento, que acontece quando as fontes de geração distribuída fornecem energia ao sistema elétrico de potência mesmo quando esta se encontra eletricamente isolada do sistema elétrico principal. A função anti-ilhamento é uma proteção extremamente importante, devendo estar presente em todos os sistemas de geração distribuída. Atualmente, são encontradas diversas técnicas na literatura. Muitas delas oferecem proteção adequada quando um inversor está conectado à linha de distribuição, mas podem falhar quando dois ou mais funcionam simultaneamente, conectados juntos ou próximos entre si. Dois destes métodos são analisados detalhadamente nesse estudo, avaliados em uma rede de distribuição residencial de baixa tensão. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a influência de um método sobre o outro é dependente da predominância de cada um deles dentro do sistema elétrico. Contudo, nas condições analisadas o ilhamento foi detectado dentro do limite máximo estabelecido pelas normas pertinentes. This work studies the interaction between islanding detection methods applied in residential photovoltaic systems, operating simultaneously in a low voltage distribution network. Photovoltaic systems, in general, interact with themselves, with the utility grid and other distributed generation sources. An important consequence of this interaction is the islanding occurrence, which happens when distributed generation sources supply energy to the electrical power system even when it is electrically isolated from the main electrical system. The anti-islanding function is an extremely important protection, and should be present in all distributed generation systems. Actually, many techniques are found in the literature. Most of them provide suitable protection when one inverter is connected to the distribution line, but can fail when two or more work simultaneously, connected at the same point or close to each other. Two of these methods are analyzed in detail in this study and evaluated in a residential low voltage distribution line. The obtained results show that the influence of a method over another one is dependent of the predominance of each one within the electrical system. However, in the analyzed condition the islanding was detected within the maximum allowed time established by applicable rules.

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Determining the relative effectiveness of islanding detection methods using phase criteria and nondetection zones

Cited by 278 publications

References 5 publications

Evaluation of Islanding Detection Methods for Utility-Interactive Inverters in Photovoltaic Systems

Evaluation of Islanding Detection Methods for Utility-Interactive Inverters in Photovoltaic Systems

Comparative Study of Passive and Active Islanding Detection Methods for PV Grid-Connected Systems

Estudo sobre a interação de métodos anti-ilhamento para sistemas fotovoltaicos conectados à rede de distribuição de baixa tensão com múltiplos inversores.

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